





















                                       NewSpace

                                     User's Guide



                                  Shareware Version
























                                  ISOGON CORPORATION

                        Copyright (C) 1988 Isogon Corporation.
                      Licensed Materials.  All Rights Reserved.

                                  LICENSE AGREEMENT

          CAREFULLY READ THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT PRIOR
          TO THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE PRODUCT.  USE OF THE PRODUCT INDI-
          CATES YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS.

          This software product and its documentation are protected by both
          United States Copyright Law and international treaty provisions. 

          You are authorized to use this software for evaluation purposes
          only.  If you want to use it on a permanent basis, you must
          register with Isogon Corporation, and pay a license fee.

          You are authorized to make copies of the software product, and
          give these copies to others, as long as the complete software
          product is copied, and as long as you do not charge a fee for the
          copies.

          You may not disassemble, decompile, or otherwise reverse engineer
          this software product.


                                       WARRANTY

          Isogon Corporation supplies this product without any kind of
          warranty or support, for your use to evaluate its usefulness in
          your environment.

          ISOGON CORPORATION SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES,
          EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED
          WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
          PURPOSE, WITH RESPECT TO DEFECTS IN THE DISKETTE, DOCUMENTATION,
          AND THE PROGRAM PRODUCT IN PARTICULAR, AND WITHOUT LIMITING
          OPERATION OF THE PROGRAM LICENSE WITH RESPECT TO ANY PARTICULAR
          APPLICATION, USE, OR PURPOSE.  IN NO EVENT SHALL ISOGON BE LIABLE
          FOR ANY LOSS OF PROFIT OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGE, INCLUDING
          BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER
          DAMAGES.


                                    GOVERNING LAW

          This statement shall be construed, interpreted, and governed by
          the laws of the state of New York.















          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page ii

                                SHAREWARE INFORMATION

          This version of NewSpace is provided so that you may evaluate its
          usefulness in your own environment.  It is NOT provided for your
          ongoing use.  If you decide that you want to use NewSpace on a
          regular basis, you must register with Isogon Corporation, and pay
          a license fee.

          When you register, you will receive another copy of the NewSpace
          product with a printed manual and the latest version of the
          software.  You will also then be notified when new releases of
          the software become available, and you will be eligible for free,
          unlimited, telephone support.

          This shareware version of NewSpace is identical to the regular
          version in all respects, except as follows:

          *    This shareware version supports the recovery of only one
               deleted file (the last one deleted/overwritten), whereas the
               regular version supports the recovery of up to 99 deleted or
               overwritten files.

          *    This shareware version runs somewhat slower than the regular
               version, when installed with the same options.


          When you register and receive the regular version of NewSpace,
          you don't have to uninstall the shareware version.  By simply
          installing the regular version, the shareware version will be
          deleted from your system, while all your compressed files remain
          compressed.



                          REGISTERING YOUR COPY OF NEWSPACE

          In order to register with Isogon Corporation to receive a regular
          copy of NewSpace, licensed for day-to-day use, together with a
          printed manual, upgrade offers, and unlimited, free telephone
          support, please fill out the form on the next page and mail
          together with your payment (check, MasterCard, or Visa) for
          $69.95 (NYS residents add appropriate sales tax, please), to

               Isogon Corporation
               330 Seventh Avenue
               New York, NY 10001
               (212) 967-2424


          Or, you may call toll free (800) 662-6036 and register with the
          license fee being charged to your MasterCard or Visa (this number
          is for orders and registrations only).

          We can only give support to registered users, but you can regis-
          ter over the phone and immediately become eligible for support,
          even if you haven't yet received your regular copy of NewSpace.



          NewSpace User Manual                                     Page iii

          ISOGON
          CORPORATION
          330 Seventh Avenue
          New York, NY 10001
          (212) 967-2424


                                                                 INVOICE



          __________________________________
          Name
          __________________________________
          Address
          __________________________________

          __________________________________

          __________________________________

          __________________
          Telephone



          ----------------------------------------------------------------
           Your Purchase Order Number ___________        Date ___________
          ----------------------------------------------------------------


               One Copy of NewSpace                              $69.95


               New York State Sales Tax                        ________


               Total                                          $________





               [ ]  Check enclosed (payable to Isogon Corporation)
               [ ]  Please charge my credit card [ ] MasterCard or [ ] Visa


                    _______________________________   _________________
                    Card number                       Expiration date


                    _______________________________
                    Signature





               [  ]  Check here if you would like a 3.5" diskette

          YOU DON'T HAVE TO READ THIS MANUAL


          If you're like most users, you won't have to read this manual to
          use NewSpace.  Installation is automatic.  Once you install
          NewSpace and compress your files, the day-to-day use of your
          computer is completely unchanged.

          This manual gives you information about what to do in certain
          special situations, status commands that give you information
          about your files, and the like.  You'll probably never have to
          know about most of it.  When you have time, browse through the
          manual to get an idea of what's in it.  Then put it on your
          bookshelf as a reference.

          To start using NewSpace, just follow these steps:

          1.   Make a copy of the NewSpace distribution diskette.  (The
               NewSpace distribution diskette isn't copy-protected.)  Put
               the copy in your A drive and enter the command

                    a:install

               and answer the questions on your screen.

               When the installation is complete, NewSpace will reboot
               (that is, restart) your system.

          2.   NewSpace is now installed and active, and will compress all
               newly created files that should be compressed.  To compress
               all existing files on your hard disk that should be com-
               pressed, enter the command

                    newspace compress

          NOTE: You must use the INSTALL program to install NewSpace!  You
          cannot just copy the files from the diskette to your hard disk.

          After you install NewSpace, if you need any help using a NewSpace
          command, you can ask for help.  For example, to get help with the
          NEWSPACE COMPRESS command, just enter the command

                    newspace compress /?

          To get help with all the NEWSPACE commands, just enter the
          command

                    newspace /?


          NOTE: Even if you don't read the rest of the manual, you should
          be aware that NewSpace has a valuable file recovery feature. 
          It's described in "Chapter 6: If You Erase a File and Then Want
          to Get It Back Again" on page 13.





          NewSpace User Manual                                       Page v

          CONTENTS


          Shareware Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

          Registering Your Copy of NewSpace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

          You Don't Have to Read This Manual  . . . . . . . . . . . . .   v

          Introduction: What NewSpace Will Do For You . . . . . . . . .   1

          Part I: Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
            Chapter 1: What You Need to Use NewSpace  . . . . . . . . .   3
            Chapter 2: Installing the NewSpace Programs . . . . . . . .   4
            Chapter 3: Compressing Your Eligible Files  . . . . . . . .   5

          Part II: Day-to-Day Operations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
            Chapter 4: Using Your Programs and the DOS Commands . . . .   7
            Chapter 5: Checking on the Status of Your Files or Your Disk  
                                                                          8
            Chapter 6: If You Erase a File and Then Want to Get It Back
                       Again  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13

          Part III: Special Topics  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
            Chapter 7: If COMPRESS Can't Compress All Eligible Files in
                       Place  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
            Chapter 8: If You Need More Room for Uncompressed Files . .  17
            Chapter 9: If You Don't Use Your Normal AUTOEXEC.BAT File to
                       Boot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
            Chapter 10: Using Programs That Bypass DOS  . . . . . . . .  19
            Chapter 11: If You Format or Reformat Your Hard Disk  . . .  20
            Chapter 12: Removing NewSpace from Your System  . . . . . .  21

          Appendixes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22
            Appendix A: Questions and Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22
            Appendix B: What is Data Compression and How Does It Work?   24
            Appendix C: NEWRES Command Line Parameters  . . . . . . . .  26
            Appendix D: Messages  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  28






















          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page vi

          INTRODUCTION: WHAT NEWSPACE WILL DO FOR YOU


          Congratulations on getting NewSpace!  NewSpace is a product of
          more than 20,000 person-hours of advanced software engineering.
          NewSpace is designed to save you some of your most precious
          resources: time, money, and disk space.


          Saves Time, Money, and Disk Space

          Almost by magic, NewSpace recodes the data in the files on your
          hard disk so that it takes up much less space.

          Because your data is compressed (typically to about half its
          uncompressed size), you can keep more active data on your hard
          disk.  With NewSpace, you don't have to spend time archiving data
          to diskette or tape to get more disk space, or invoking a special
          program whenever you need to use one of your compressed files.
          And you don't have to buy a new, larger hard disk.

          NewSpace works on any hard disk.  If you get a bigger disk or a
          new computer system, you can run NewSpace on it.

          NOTE: If your disk's capacity is larger than approximately 100K,
          you may not be able to utilize all of it for compressed files. 
          You can, however, get a special "huge disk" version from Isogon
          Corporation, for an additional license fee.


          Works Automatically and Invisibly

          Once it's installed, NewSpace works completely automatically.  It
          keeps track of which files should be compressed and which should-
          n't.  It compresses new files as they're created, and
          uncompresses the data as your programs need it, all without you
          doing anything.

          NewSpace is completely invisible in your day-to-day operations.
          As you use your computer, neither you nor your programs will be
          aware that your files are compressed.


          Lets You Recover Erased Files

          As an added benefit, NewSpace lets you recover the last
          compressed file that was erased.  The procedure to recover an
          erased file is simple and utterly foolproof.  Unlike some
          utilities that guess what pieces of data make up the erased file,
          or make you figure it out, NewSpace performs the entire recovery
          operation automatically.

          NOTE: The regular version of NewSpace lets you recover any of the
          last 99 erased (or overwritten) files.





          NewSpace User Manual                                       Page 1

          PART I: GETTING STARTED


          To install NewSpace, you perform two steps.

          *    First, you run a program that installs the NewSpace programs
               on your hard disk and then reboots (restarts) your system,
               so that NewSpace is active.

          *    Second, you run a program that compresses all the eligible
               files on your hard disk.

          NewSpace doesn't compress programs (that is, files with an exten-
          sion of EXE or COM), system files (files with an extension of SYS
          or with the file attribute S), hidden files (files with the file
          attribute H), files with extensions used by certain products to
          indicate device drivers, or the file AUTOEXEC.BAT. Files that
          NewSpace doesn't compress are called exempt.  Files that aren't
          exempt are called eligible for compression.

          NOTE: Running the compress program is a one-time operation. 
          After you've compressed all your existing eligible files,
          NewSpace compresses all newly created eligible files
          automatically.

          We'll cover these steps in more detail in chapters that follow.
          But before that, we'll discuss what you need on your computer
          system to use NewSpace.































          NewSpace User Manual                                       Page 2

          CHAPTER 1: WHAT YOU NEED TO USE NEWSPACE


          To use NewSpace, you need a system with at least 256K total of
          RAM memory, running PC-DOS or MS-DOS 2.0 or above and, of course,
          a hard disk.

          NOTE: NewSpace doesn't currently work in a multi-tasking
          environment such as Windows or TopView.  In a networking
          environment such as IBM's PC Network, NewSpace doesn't currently
          work on the file server or servers, but does work on network
          workstations.















































          NewSpace User Manual                                       Page 3

          CHAPTER 2: INSTALLING THE NEWSPACE PROGRAMS


          First, using DISKCOPY or any other copying program, make a backup
          copy of the NewSpace distribution diskette.  Then put the
          NewSpace distribution diskette in a safe place and use the backup
          copy to perform the installation.

          Installation is completely automatic.  Just put your backup copy
          of the NewSpace diskette in your A drive and issue the INSTALL
          command

                    a:install

          and answer the questions on your screen.

          Here's what the INSTALL program does:

          *    It puts a copy of the NewSpace programs on the hard disk of
               your choice in a newly created subdirectory called
               \NEWSPACE, or, if you prefer, another directory.

          *    In your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, it creates or modifies the PATH
               statement to include the directory the NewSpace programs are
               in.  (If you don't have an AUTOEXEC.BAT file, NewSpace
               creates one for you.)  If you have more than one PATH
               statement in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, it modifies each one
               appropriately.

               NOTE: If you issue a PATH statement in any other batch (BAT)
               file or directly at the DOS prompt, include the location of
               the NewSpace programs.  This way, you'll be able to issue
               the NewSpace commands from any directory.

          *    It makes an entry in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file to start
               NewSpace when you boot your computer.

          *    In your CONFIG.SYS file, it increases the FILES
               specification as appropriate.  (If you don't have a
               CONFIG.SYS file, NewSpace creates one for you.  If there's
               no FILES statement in your CONFIG.SYS file, NewSpace puts
               one in.)

          *    It gets your hard disk ready for your compressed files.

          *    It reboots (restarts) your system, so that NewSpace becomes
               active.

          Once the NewSpace software is installed, you should remove your
          copy of the NewSpace distribution diskette from the diskette
          drive and put it away.  You won't need it anymore.

          NOTE: You can install NewSpace on any one hard disk in your
          system.  If you have more than one hard disk on your system, you
          can use NewSpace to compress the files on only one of them.




          NewSpace User Manual                                       Page 4

          CHAPTER 3: COMPRESSING YOUR ELIGIBLE FILES


          After you install NewSpace, you'll want to run the NewSpace
          program that compresses all the eligible files on your hard disk.

          NOTE: Running the compress program is a one-time operation. 
          After you've compressed all your existing eligible files,
          NewSpace compresses all newly created eligible files
          automatically.

          To compress all the eligible files on the default (that is,
          current) drive, issue the command

                    newspace compress

          You'll get a message that looks like this:

          ----------------------------------------------------------------
          NEWSPACE COMPRESS is completely interruptible and restartable.
                                                                        
          To stop NEWSPACE COMPRESS, press Ctrl-Break.  You will return to
          DOS.  To start NEWSPACE COMPRESS again, reenter the NEWSPACE
          COMPRESS command.

          Press Enter to continue or Ctrl-Break to stop.
          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          The program will then list your files as they're compressed.
          COMPRESS is completely automatic.  You don't have to do anything.

          As the display indicates, you can interrupt the operation of the
          COMPRESS command at any time.  You do this by pressing Ctrl-
          Break.  NewSpace will finish with the file it's working on and
          return you to DOS.  You can then do other things, and run
          COMPRESS again whenever you want.  COMPRESS will resume
          compressing any eligible uncompressed files it finds.

          When COMPRESS finishes working, it produces a display of the
          status of the entire disk, just as if you had issued the NewSpace
          STATUS command.  For a sample and an explanation of this display,
          see "Status of an Entire Disk" on page 10.

          Even if you don't run the COMPRESS command, NewSpace will
          compress any new files that are eligible for compression as
          they're created.

          You can abbreviate "compress" by just typing "c".  You can
          compress the files on your hard disk by entering the command

                    newspace c








          NewSpace User Manual                                       Page 5

          NOTES:

          1.   You can specify the drive explicitly.  For example, if
               you've installed NewSpace on the D drive, you can issue the
               command

                    newspace compress d:

          2.   To get help with COMPRESS, enter the command

                    newspace compress /?

          3.   Under very unusual circumstances, COMPRESS may tell you that
               it can't compress all the eligible files on your hard disk
               in place because your disk is too full.

               If this happens, there's a simple way to compress your
               files.  See "Chapter 7: If COMPRESS Can't Compress All
               Eligible Files in Place" on page 16.








































          NewSpace User Manual                                       Page 6

          PART II: DAY-TO-DAY OPERATIONS

          CHAPTER 4: USING YOUR PROGRAMS AND THE DOS COMMANDS


          After you install NewSpace, your day-to-day use of your computer
          is unaffected.  You do everything in the same way as always.
          Programs run as they did before, accessing the files they need
          exactly as they used to.  The only difference is that your disk
          will hold much more than it would without NewSpace.

          Diskette operations are completely unaffected by NewSpace.  A
          compressed file backed up or copied to a diskette will be
          uncompressed on the diskette.  (If it's copied back to the hard
          disk it will be recompressed.)

          The DOS DIR command will continue to report the size of your
          files in their uncompressed form, so that you can think about
          your files as you always have.  Where the DIR command reports the
          number of bytes free on your hard disk, you'll see the number of
          bytes remaining for uncompressed files, as reported by the DISK
          command (see "Status of an Entire Disk" on page 10.)  In
          practice, you'll nearly always be able to fit much more data than
          the DIR command indicates is free.

          CHKDSK reports the amount of free space in the same way as the
          DIR command.

          If you RENAME an exempt file to a name that's eligible for
          compression, the renamed file will remain uncompressed. (However,
          the next time the file is rewritten, it will be compressed.)  If
          you RENAME a compressed file to a name that's exempt from
          compression, the renamed file will be uncompressed.

          All other DOS commands are unaffected.
























          NewSpace User Manual                                       Page 7

          CHAPTER 5: CHECKING ON THE STATUS OF YOUR FILES OR YOUR DISK


          You probably won't really need this information, but if you're
          curious to see how much space NewSpace is saving, you can find
          out.  You can find out if one or more files are compressed or
          not, and if so by how much.  You can find out if a compressed
          file that you erased is available for recovery.  And you can find
          out a variety of information about the compression of an entire
          disk.



          STATUS OF YOUR FILES

          NewSpace provides a command that tells you about the status of
          one or more files.  NewSpace will tell you whether each file is
          compressed, uncompressed, erased but recoverable, or not found.
          If the file is compressed, NewSpace will give you statistics on
          its compressed size, its uncompressed size, and the compression
          achieved.

          Status of a Single File

          Let's say you issue the following command for the file ABCD.TXT
          in the current subdirectory of the default (current) drive, which
          is C:\DOCS\MISC:

                    newspace status abcd.txt

          NewSpace  might respond with a display like this:

          ----------------------------------------------------------------
          C:\DOCS\MISC\ABCD.TXT                                            

          File Information                   Compression Information

          ABCD  TXT  1718 6-09-86 12:05p     521 bytes (70% compression)
          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          or, if the file isn't compressed, with a display like this:

          ----------------------------------------------------------------
          ABCD  TXT  1718 6-09-86 12:05p     Not eligible for compression
          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          In both these cases, the directory information is exactly as it
          would be reported by the DOS DIR command.

          If you ask for the status of a file you've erased but which is
          still available for recovery, NewSpace will tell you so:

          ----------------------------------------------------------------
          ABCD  TXT  1506 5-19-86 11:40a     Erased but recoverable
          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          If you want to recover this file, you use the RECOVER command.
          See "Recovering an Erased File" on page 14.

          NewSpace User Manual                                       Page 8



          If there's a normal, active file with the same name as an erased
          but recoverable file, you'll see both listed (the recoverable
          file second), like this:

          ----------------------------------------------------------------
          ABCD  TXT  1718 6-09-86 12:05p     521 bytes (70% compression)
          - same -   1506 5-19-86 11:40a     Erased but recoverable
          ----------------------------------------------------------------


          Status of a Group of Files

          To find out the status of a group of files, you can use the
          generic characters '?' and '*' with STATUS, just as with the DOS
          DIR command.  For example, you might issue the command

                    newspace status *.*

          and NewSpace might respond with a display like this:

          ----------------------------------------------------------------
          C:\DOCS\MISC\*.*

          File Information                   Compression Information

          ABCD  TXT  1718 6-09-86 12:05p     521 bytes (70% compression)
          ABCD  DOC  3269 4-04-86  6:15p     1521 bytes (53% compression)
          WORD  EXE 21728 6-11-83  4:53p     Not eligible for compression
          EFGH  TXT  4577 7-25-86 11:51a     2118 bytes (54% compression)
          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          You can abbreviate "status" by just typing "s".  For example, you
          can issue a status command by typing

                    newspace s abcd.txt


          NOTES:

          1.   The DOS DIR command reports the size of a file in bytes, but
               an uncompressed file is stored in allocation units (2,048 or
               more bytes per "chunk", depending on your hard disk).  The
               last allocation unit of an uncompressed file may contain
               only one byte, or may be completely full.  NewSpace uses
               only the amount of space it actually needs, so you save an
               average of one half an allocation unit per file.  This extra
               space saved isn't reported in the compression information
               for the file, but it contributes to the space saved for the
               entire disk as reported in "Status of an Entire Disk" on
               page 10.

          2.   You can issue the STATUS command with a full path
               specification, including drive, from any subdirectory.  For 
               example, if you've installed NewSpace on the D drive, you



          NewSpace User Manual                                       Page 9

               can issue the command

                    newspace status d:\docs\misc\*.txt

          3.   To get help with STATUS, enter the command

                    newspace status /?



          STATUS OF AN ENTIRE DISK

          You can also get useful information about an entire disk.  To get
          the status of the default (current) disk drive, issue the DISK
          command without specifying any file at all, like this:

                    newspace disk

          NewSpace responds with a display like this:

          ----------------------------------------------------------------
          DRIVE C:                                                      (1)

          Number of files on disk:                            487       (2)
          Number of compressed files on disk:                 413       (3)

          All your eligible files are compressed.                       (4)

          Physical capacity of disk:                   10,584,064 bytes (5)
          Space all files would occupy if uncomp.:     15,312,896 bytes (6)
          Space all files actually occupy:              8,560,013 bytes (7)

          Space remaining on disk:                      2,024,051 bytes (8)
          Space remaining for uncompressed files:       1,021,301 bytes (9)

          Space compr. files would occupy if uncomp.:  12,765,184 bytes(10)
          Space compressed files actually occupy:       6,012,301 bytes(11)
          Space saved by using NewSpace:                6,752,883 bytes(12)

          Compression achieved on compressed files:          53 percent(13)
          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          NOTE: Because NewSpace has to look at all the directories on  
          the entire disk to develop this information, this display takes  
          a bit of time to produce.


          Here's what each line of this display means:

          (1)  This shows what drive NewSpace is reporting on (the drive
               where NewSpace is installed).

          (2)  This shows the total number of files you have on your hard
               disk.  This includes files of all types, including programs,
               system files, hidden files, and read-only files.

          (3)  This shows how many files on your hard disk are compressed.


          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 10

          (4)  This message indicates that all the files on your hard disk
               that are eligible for compression are actually compressed. 
               If this isn't true, the message "Not all your eligible files
               are compressed." appears.

               If all your eligible files aren't compressed, you can run
               the COMPRESS command to compress the files that aren't
               compressed.  See "Chapter 3:  Compressing your Eligible
               Files" on page 5.

          (5)  This shows the actual number of bytes your hard disk can
               hold.

          (6)  This shows how much space all your files would occupy if you
               didn't have NewSpace.

          (7)  This shows how much space all your files actually occupy.

          (8)  This represents NewSpace's conservative estimate of the
               amount of additional data you can fit on your disk.  In
               practice, you'll almost always be able to fit much more data
               on your disk than this figure indicates, and you'll always
               be able to fit at least this much more.

          (9)  This shows how much space on your disk is available for
               exempt (uncompressed) files, such as program and system
               files.

               NOTE: If you need more than this amount of space for exempt
               files, see "Chapter 8: If You Need More Room for
               Uncompressed Files" on page 17.

          (10) This shows how much space your compressed files alone would
               occupy if you didn't have NewSpace.

          (11) This shows the actual amount of space NewSpace uses to store
               your files in compressed form.  (It doesn't include files
               that you've erased but that are still eligible for
               recovery.)

          (12) This shows the amount of space you are saving using
               NewSpace.

          (13) This shows you how effective the compression of your
               compressed files is.  The larger the number, the better the
               compression.  50 percent compression, for example, indicates
               that the files take up half the space they do when
               uncompressed.  75 percent compression indicates that the
               compressed files are 75 percent smaller than they are in
               uncompressed form, or in other words are one quarter their
               uncompressed size.

          You can abbreviate "disk" by just typing "d".  You can get status
          information about the entire default (current) disk drive by
          entering the command

                    newspace d


          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 11

          NOTES:

          1.   You can specify the drive explicitly.  For example, if
               you've installed NewSpace on the D drive, you can issue the
               command

                    newspace disk d:

          2.   To get help with DISK, enter the command

                    newspace disk /?
















































          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 12

          CHAPTER 6: IF YOU ERASE A FILE AND THEN WANT TO GET IT BACK AGAIN


          If there's room, NewSpace saves the last compressed file you
          "erase," so that if you change your mind you can get it back.

          This means that if you accidentally erase a file, you can get it
          back.  What's more, the procedure is completely automatic.
          There's no guessing what data belonged in the file, or figuring
          out what the file name should be.

          When you update a file using most editors and other programs, the
          existing version of the file is usually erased.  The new version
          is then written under the same name.  NewSpace saves the erased
          version.  If you want to recover a file with the same name as one
          that already exists, NewSpace gives the existing file a new name,
          as explained below.

          NOTE: NewSpace saves only one erased version of any file in a
          particular subdirectory.  If you update a file and then realize
          you want to recover the previous version, don't erase the updated
          version of that file before trying to recover the earlier
          version.

          You can see which erased files are eligible for recovery, and you
          can issue a command to recover an erased file.

          NOTE: The regular version of NewSpace lets you recover any of the
          last five erased (or overwritten) files (or, any of the up to 99
          last erased files if you specify a special startup option).



          SEEING WHICH FILES ARE RECOVERABLE

          To get a list of which erased files are available for recovery on
          the default (current) drive, you issue the command

               newspace recover

          NewSpace responds with a display like this:

          ----------------------------------------------------------------
          Directory:  C:\DOCS\MISC

          ABCD  TXT  1718  6-09-86 12:05p    Erased but recoverable
          ----------------------------------------------------------------


          You can abbreviate "recover" by just typing "r".  You can find
          out which erased files are available for recovery by entering the
          command

                    newspace r





          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 13

          NOTES:

          1.   You can specify the drive explicitly.  For example, if
               you've installed NewSpace on the D drive, to get a list of
               which erased files are available for recovery, issue the
               command

                    newspace recover d:

          2.   To get help with RECOVER, enter the command

                    newspace recover /?

          3.   To find out if there's an erased version of one or more
               particular files available for recovery in a given
               subdirectory, you can use the STATUS command.  For
               information about the STATUS command, see "Status of Your
               Files" on page 8.



          RECOVERING AN ERASED FILE

          To recover a file that has been erased from the current
          subdirectory of the default (current) drive, you issue the
          RECOVER command with a file specification, like this:

                    newspace recover abcd.txt

          NewSpace responds by recovering the file and displaying a
          message, like this:

          ----------------------------------------------------------------
          C:\DOCS\MISC\ABCD.TXT

          File recovered
          ----------------------------------------------------------------


          Now, if you issue a STATUS command,

                    newspace status abcd.txt

          you'll get the normal display for a compressed file, like this:

          ----------------------------------------------------------------
          ABCD  TXT  1718 06-09-86 12:05p    521 bytes (70% compression)
          ----------------------------------------------------------------


          Let's say you issue the command

                    newspace recover abcd.txt

          to recover the erased file with the name ABCD.TXT and a normal
          file (either compressed or uncompressed) of the name ABCD.TXT



          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 14

          already exists in the same directory on the default (current)
          drive.  In this case, NewSpace does two things:

          1.   It changes the extension of the file that already exists to
               ")))".  If the file doesn't have an extension, it's given an
               extension of ")))".

          2.   It recovers the erased file (with its original name).

          In this case, you'll get a display like this:

          ----------------------------------------------------------------
          C:\DOCS\MISC\ABCD.TXT

          File already exists
          Current version of file renamed ABCD.)))
          File recovered
          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          The erased version of the file, which you just recovered, is now
          named ABCD.TXT.

          The version of the file that was named ABCD.TXT just before you
          issued the RECOVER command is now named ABCD.))).  You can now
          rename or erase the file ABCD.))).  For example,

                    rename abcd.))) newabcd.txt

          You can abbreviate "recover" by just typing "r".  For example,
          you can recover the file ABCD.TXT by entering the command

                    newspace r abcd.txt

          NOTES:

          1.   The RECOVER command accepts a full path specification,
               including drive.  For example, if you've installed NewSpace
               on the D drive, you can issue the command

                    newspace recover d:\docs\misc\abcd.txt

          2.   You can't recover an erased file if the subdirectory it was
               in no longer exists.

          3.   To get help with RECOVER, enter the command

                    newspace recover /?

          4.   RECOVER works only with compressed files.  If the file you
               erased was uncompressed, you can try using a file recovery
               utility that works with ordinary uncompressed files.








          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 15

          PART III: SPECIAL TOPICS

          CHAPTER 7: IF COMPRESS CAN'T COMPRESS ALL ELIGIBLE FILES IN PLACE


          As mentioned in "Chapter 3:  Compressing your Eligible Files" on
          page 5, the COMPRESS command tries to compress all the eligible
          files on your hard disk.  In rare cases, it can't complete the
          job.

          This is because COMPRESS writes out the compressed version of the
          file before deleting the uncompressed version, and your disk may
          be too full to hold the compressed version as well as the
          uncompressed version.

          In this case, it issues a message like this:

          ----------------------------------------------------------------
          Unable to compress all eligible files in place.

          Do the following:
            1.  Back up the file specified below.
            2.  Erase the file specified below.
            3.  Rerun COMPRESS.
            4.  Restore the file specified below.

          C:\DOCS\MISC\ABCD.TXT
          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Here's what to do if you get this message:

          1.   Back up the file specified.  (It's the largest eligible file
               on your disk that COMPRESS was unable to compress.)

          2.   Erase the file specified from your hard disk.

          3.   Rerun the COMPRESS command.  COMPRESS will now run to
               completion successfully.

          4.   Restore the file you backed up.  It will be compressed as
               it's restored to the disk.

          NOTE: COMPRESS always compresses as many files as it can before
          it issues the message shown above.















          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 16

          CHAPTER 8: IF YOU NEED MORE ROOM FOR UNCOMPRESSED FILES


          The DISK command (see "Status of an Entire Disk" on page 10)
          shows how much space is remaining on your disk, and how much
          space is available for uncompressed files.  The space NewSpace
          uses for compressed files isn't usable for exempt (uncompressed)
          files.  For this reason, you may not be able to put some exempt
          files on your disk, even though you have enough total free space
          available.  (This occurs very rarely.)

          If you want to make all the space remaining on your disk
          available for uncompressed files, here's what to do:

          1.   Remove NewSpace from your system.  Follow the directions in
               "Chapter 12:  Removing NewSpace from Your System" on page
               21.  Be sure to back up all your compressed files.

          2.   Reinstall NewSpace.  Follow the directions in "Chapter 2:
               Installing the NewSpace Programs" on page 4.

          3.   Restore from your backup all your compressed files.

          NOTE: Although the space used for compressed files isn't usable
          for uncompressed files, the reverse isn't true.  The space
          available for uncompressed files is also usable for compressed
          files.
































          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 17

          CHAPTER 9: IF YOU DON'T USE YOUR NORMAL AUTOEXEC.BAT FILE TO BOOT


          Once NewSpace is installed, if you want to access your compressed
          files, you must make sure that NewSpace is started.

          Normally, you'll boot your system from your hard disk.  The
          AUTOEXEC.BAT file that NewSpace created or modified when you
          installed it will cause NewSpace to start.

          However, if you boot your system without issuing the statement
          that starts NewSpace, you won't be able to read or write to your
          compressed files.  A DIR command will give you unfamiliar
          results.  This may happen if you use an alternate AUTOEXEC.BAT
          file on a DOS diskette or on a program diskette that you use to
          boot the system.  Or, you may sometimes boot from a DOS diskette
          without an AUTOEXEC.BAT file.

          Any AUTOEXEC.BAT file you use should contain the statement that
          starts up NewSpace.  This is the statement in your normal
          AUTOEXEC.BAT file that consists of "NEWRES", or that begins
          "NEWRES", such as in these examples:

                    NEWRES
                    NEWRES /P=32
                    NEWRES /D=D
                    NEWRES /D=D /P=32


          Copy the NEWRES statement exactly as it appears in the
          AUTOEXEC.BAT that was created or modified by the NewSpace INSTALL
          program into the beginning of any AUTOEXEC.BAT file you use.  Put
          the NEWRES statement right after the first PATH statement (if
          any).  Also, if NEWRES.EXE isn't in the root directory of the
          default drive, make sure that the PATH statement lets DOS find
          the NEWRES program.

          If you boot from a DOS diskette without an AUTOEXEC.BAT file, you
          must issue exactly the same NEWRES statement at the DOS prompt
          before you try to use any compressed file.  Just type in the
          NEWRES statement you find in your normal AUTOEXEC.BAT file and
          press Enter.  Again, if NEWRES.EXE isn't in the root directory of
          the default drive, make sure that the PATH statement lets DOS
          find the NEWRES program.

          All the optional command line parameters are described in
          "Appendix C: NEWRES Command Line Parameters" on page 26.












          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 18

          CHAPTER 10: USING PROGRAMS THAT BYPASS DOS


          Some utility programs bypass the normal ways the operating system
          (DOS) uses to access your data, and so bypass NewSpace.  If you
          use these programs to look at your hard disk, you won't be able
          to read your compressed files.

          Some of these programs also let you modify the data on your hard
          disk.  Don't use any such program to modify the data in a
          compressed file, the directory entries pertaining to a compressed
          file, or any files you don't recognize.

          Please read the file READ.ME on the NewSpace diskette for some
          additional information about a few special programs, and their
          use with NewSpace.











































          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 19

          CHAPTER 11: IF YOU FORMAT OR REFORMAT YOUR HARD DISK


          If you back up your hard disk and then format it, you must
          reinstall NewSpace (as described in "Chapter 2: Installing the
          NewSpace Programs" on page 4) before you restore your files. 
          After you've installed NewSpace, your eligible files will be
          compressed as they're restored.

          This is also true if you're moving to a new hard disk by
          restoring the files that you backed up from another hard disk on
          which NewSpace was installed.















































          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 20

          CHAPTER 12: REMOVING NEWSPACE FROM YOUR SYSTEM


          If you want to remove NewSpace from your system for any reason
          (such as to move it to a new hard disk), you can do so.

          Here's what you do to remove NewSpace:

          1.   Back up your entire hard disk, or at least those files that
               are compressed.  The uninstall program doesn't uncompress
               your compressed files.  It does erase your compressed files
               from the hard disk.  When you back up the files that were
               compressed, they're written to your backup diskette or tape
               in uncompressed form.

          2.   Issue the UNINSTALL command

                    UNINSTALL

              The uninstall program does the following things:

               *    It deletes the compressed versions of the files from
                    your hard disk.

               *    It removes the NewSpace programs themselves from your
                    hard disk.  If the NewSpace programs are the only files
                    in the subdirectory, it also removes the subdirectory.

               *    It removes the NewSpace invocation from your
                    AUTOEXEC.BAT file.

               *    If it has removed the directory containing the NewSpace
                    programs from your system, it also removes that
                    directory from the PATH statements in your AUTOEXEC.BAT
                    file.  If that's the only directory in a PATH
                    statement, it also removes the PATH statement.

               *    It frees the part of your hard disk used for compressed
                    files.

               The uninstall program then reboots (restarts) the system.

          When the system completes the restart, NewSpace has been removed
          from your system.

          You can now copy or restore the files that had been compressed
          back onto your hard disk.  Of course, without NewSpace, you may
          not be able to fit all the files on your hard disk that you did
          before.  And, of course, if you restore all your files including
          your AUTOEXEC.BAT file and the NewSpace program files, you should
          run UNINSTALL again to remove NewSpace completely.

          NOTE: The uninstall program doesn't change your CONFIG.SYS file.






          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 21

          APPENDIXES

          APPENDIX A: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS


          Here are some of the more common questions that are asked about
          NewSpace, and the answers.

          Question: Why does the degree of compression vary from file to
                    file?

          Answer:   The degree of compression you can achieve using
                    NewSpace depends on the data in your files.  The degree
                    of compression achievable depends on how compactly the
                    information in a file is represented.  Some kinds of
                    files, such as binary data files, can hardly be
                    compressed at all.  Other kinds of files, such as
                    spreadsheet files, can be compressed to as little as
                    one-tenth of their normal size.

          Question: Why doesn't NewSpace compress programs?

          Answer:   Some copy-protected programs wouldn't work if they were
                    compressed.

          Question: If NewSpace doesn't get very good compression on a
                    particular file, is there any way to exempt it from
                    compression?

          Answer:   No, and there's no reason to.  Even though you may not
                    achieve very good compression on a particular file, it
                    does no harm to let it be compressed.  Also, an
                    uncompressed file is always stored in allocation units
                    (2,048 or 4,096 byte chunks, depending on the size of
                    your disk).  When NewSpace compresses a file, it uses
                    only the amount of space it actually needs.  So, on
                    average, you'll save one half an allocation unit (that
                    is, 1,024 or 2,048 bytes) on every file, even if you
                    get 0% compression on the file.  That extra savings
                    isn't reported in the compression information for the
                    file, but it does contribute to the amount of free
                    space reported for the entire disk (see "Status of an
                    Entire Disk" on page 10).

                    However, if for some reason you want to do so, you can
                    exclude a whole group of files from compression, by
                    specifying the extension of the files as an exempt
                    extension, as described in Appendix C on page 26.

          Question: I don't want to type "newspace" each time I use a
                    NewSpace command.  What can I do?

          Answer:   You can rename the NewSpace program to a shorter name. 
                    In the subdirectory in which you've installed the
                    NewSpace commands, use the DOS RENAME command to rename




          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 22

                    the file NEWSPACE.EXE to a shorter name (with the same
                    extension).  For example, you can issue the command

                         rename newspace.exe new.exe

                    Thereafter, you can type "new" instead of "newspace".

                    NOTE: If you run the UNINSTALL program, be sure to
                    rename NEW.EXE back to NEWSPACE.EXE first.

                    Also, remember that the command names (COMPRESS,
                    STATUS, and RECOVER) can be abbreviated.

          Question: Does the hard disk I choose to compress have to be the
                    one that I boot from?

          Answer:   No.  NewSpace lets you install it on any hard disk you
                    choose.  It creates or modifies the AUTOEXEC.BAT file
                    on the hard disk your system boots from, which may be a
                    different hard disk.

          Question: Does the hard disk I choose to compress have to be the
                    one on which the NewSpace programs are installed?

          Answer:   Yes.  However, after installation, you can move the
                    NewSpace programs onto another disk.  If you do, be
                    sure to change each PATH statement in your AUTOEXEC.BAT
                    file to include the new location of the NewSpace
                    programs.

                    NOTE:   If you issue a PATH statement in any other BAT
                    file or directly at the DOS prompt, include the
                    location of the NewSpace programs.  This way, you'll be
                    able to issue the NewSpace commands from any directory.

























          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 23

          APPENDIX B: WHAT IS DATA COMPRESSION AND HOW DOES IT WORK?


          Data compression has been used for a long time.  One very
          powerful data compression technique is variable-length encoding.
          The idea behind variable-length encoding is as old as Morse code:
          giving shorter codes to more frequent characters, and longer
          codes to less frequent characters, thus saving resources.  In the
          case of telegraphers, the resource saved is time.  In the case of
          NewSpace, the resource saved is space.


                CHARACTER   CODE     CHARACTER   CODE
                ---------   ----     ---------   ----
                   A        .-          N        -.
                   B        -...        O        ---
                   C        -.-.        P        .--.
                   D        -..         Q        --.-
                   E        .           R        .-.
                   F        ..-.        S        ...
                   G        --.         T        -
                   H        ....        U        ..-
                   I        ..          V        ...-
                   J        .---        W        .--
                   K        -.-         X        -..-
                   L        .-..        Y        -.--
                   M        --          Z        --..

               Morse Code.  Note that E and T are the most frequent 
               characters in  English,  and  have been given the shortest
               codes.

          As you probably know, all data is stored in a computer as bits:
          0's or 1's.  In the normal fixed-length system of storing data on
          the PC, every character and symbol is stored as eight bits of
          data.  For example, the capital letter A is stored as the binary
          sequence 01000001.  Obviously, since every character is eight
          bits long, the average number of bits a character uses will also
          be eight bits.

          Now suppose we knew that some characters were more frequent than
          others.  Let's say that out of every 10,000 characters, 5,000 of
          them were blanks.  (For simplicity, let's say that all other
          characters occurred the same number of times.)  In the usual
          fixed-length system, blanks are stored as the bit sequence
          00100000.  But let's use a variable-length system instead.  For
          blanks, we'll use a bit sequence consisting of the single bit 0.
          For all other characters, we'll use a nine-bit sequence
          consisting of a 1 followed by its normal eight-bit code.  For
          example, we'll use 101000001 for A.  Now, what would the average
          number of bits be?








          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 24

                                                     Quantity X
                Character   Quantity  Code Length   Code Length
                ---------   --------  -----------   -----------
                   Blank      5,000        1 bit     5,000 bits
                 All others   5,000        9 bits   45,000 bits
                ----------  --------  -----------   -----------
               TOTAL         10,000                 50,000 bits      
               AVERAGE = 50,000 bits / 10,000 characters
                       = 5 bits per character


          This is quite an improvement.  For the 10,000-character file, the
          space required would go from 80,000 bits (or 10,000 bytes) to
          50,000 bits (or 6,250 bytes), a compression of 37.5 percent.

          This is obviously a contrived example.  NewSpace uses a more
          sophisticated variable-length encoding based on the Huffman
          encoding technique.  In the Huffman technique, each character is
          assigned a variable-length bit code whose length is inversely
          proportionate to its actual occurrence in files.  As a result,
          the average bit length is less than it would be with a
          fixed-length code, and the total amount of space is thereby
          reduced.

          In addition to this basic technique, NewSpace incorporates a
          number of other more advanced and sophisticated techniques to
          achieve the high compression rates you see as you actually use
          the product.































          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 25

          APPENDIX C: NEWRES COMMAND LINE PARAMETERS


          NewSpace is activated on your system by entering the command
          NEWRES, optionally followed by one or more parameters (in
          general, the NEWRES command is automatically issued as part of
          your AUTOEXEC.BAT file's execution when you start your computer).

          The following optional command line parameters may be specified:

          *    /D=x

               This parameter specifies the name of the hard disk on which
               NewSpace is installed.  For example, a specification like

                    NEWRES /D=E

               will start NewSpace and will compress the files on your E
               disk.

               NOTE: This parameter is automatically supplied by the
               NewSpace installation program, and should not be changed. 
               If you want to change the disk that NewSpace is compressing
               files on, you must uninstall NewSpace and reinstall it on
               the new disk.

          *    /P=nn

               This parameter specifies the size of the work area that
               NewSpace will use for its processing.  You may specify any
               value between 0 and 99.  In general, the higher a value, the
               faster NewSpace will work.  For example, a specification
               like

                    NEWRES /P=20

               will start NewSpace and will allow NewSpace to use an extra
               20K of memory for its work area.

               NOTE: This parameter is automatically supplied by the
               NewSpace installation program, and can be changed either by
               reinstalling NewSpace (you don't have to uninstall it
               first), or by simply changing the specification in your
               AUTOEXEC.BAT file.


          In addition, you may also specify a list of file extensions that
          should be ineligible for compression (i.e., that should not be
          compressed).  Initially, NewSpace will not compress any files
          with the extensions SYS, EXE, or COM, nor will it compress the
          file AUTOEXEC.BAT.  If you want, you can add file extensions to
          this list by entering them on the NEWRES command line, as shown
          in the following example:

                    NEWRES OVL BIN




          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 26

          This example will tell NewSpace to not compress any file whose
          extension is OVL or BIN, in addition to the initial list of
          extensions given above.

          If you have compressed files with one of these extensions, don't
          worry--NewSpace will recognize this and will still process the
          existing compressed files correctly.




















































          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 27

          APPENDIX D: MESSAGES


          The following is a list of messages NewSpace may issue.  The
          messages are listed in alphabetical order.  Messages beginning
          with special characters (such as "*" and "?") are listed first.
          Each message is followed by an explanation.


          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       * not allowed in file specification with NEWSPACE
                         RECOVER command.

          Function:      RECOVER

          Meaning:       You issued the RECOVER command using the generic
                         character * in the file specification.  You cannot
                         use generic characters with RECOVER.

          What to do:    Reenter the command, specifying a single file.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       ? not allowed in file specification with RECOVER
                         command.

          Function:      RECOVER

          Meaning:       You issued the RECOVER command using the generic
                         character ? in the file specification.  You cannot
                         use generic characters with RECOVER.

          What to do:    Reenter the command, specifying a single file.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       Answer by typing "Y" for YES, "N" for NO.  Then
                         press Enter.

          Function:      INSTALL or UNINSTALL

          Meaning:       You were requested to answer a yes-or-no question
                         and entered an invalid response.

          What to do:    Type "Y" or "N," as appropriate, and then press
                         Enter.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       Current version of file renamed xxxxxxxx.))).

          Function:      RECOVER

          Meaning:       You issued the RECOVER command, specifying the
                         name of a file that already exists in active form.
                         This message is preceded by the message "File
                         already exists", and followed by the message "File

          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 28

                         recovered".  The current version of the file is
                         given the name xxxxxxxx.))), and the erased
                         version of the file is recovered under its
                         original name.

          What to do:    Rename the existing file or the recovered file as
                         you wish.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       File already exists.

          Function:      RECOVER

          Meaning:       You issued the RECOVER command, specifying the
                         name of a file that already exists in active form. 
                         The file is recovered, but is given another name. 
                         This message is followed by the message "Current
                         version of file renamed xxxxxxxx.))).", which
                         gives the name to which the current version of the
                         file is renamed, and the message "File recovered".

          What to do:    Rename the existing file and the recovered file as
                         you wish.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       File not found and cannot be recovered.

          Function:      RECOVER

          Meaning:       You issued the RECOVER command specifying a file
                         that cannot be recovered.  This may be because:

                         *    You specified the file incorrectly.

                         *    You erased this file, and it was not a
                              compressed file, so NewSpace didn't keep a
                              copy of it.

                         *    The file you specified was erased but was not
                              among the last five compressed files you
                              erased.

                         *    In order to make room for active compressed
                              files, NewSpace had to purge this file.

          What to do:    Make sure that the file was a compressed file and
                         that you specified it correctly.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       File not found.

          Function:      STATUS

          Meaning:       You issued the STATUS command specifying a file
                         that could not be found.  This could be because:

          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 29


                         *    You specified the file name incorrectly.

                         *    You erased this file, and it was not a
                              compressed file, so NewSpace didn't keep a
                              copy of it.

                         *    The file you specified was erased, but was
                              not among the last five compressed files you
                              erased.

                         *    In order to make room for active compressed
                              files, NewSpace had to delete this file.

          What to do:    Make sure that you specified the file name
                         correctly.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       File recovered.

          Function:      RECOVER

          Meaning:       You issued the RECOVER command to recover a file,
                         and it was successfully recovered.  The file is
                         now a normal, active file.

          What to do:    Nothing.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       Invalid NEWRES parameter: xxxxxxxxx

          Function:      NEWRES

          Meaning:       You entered the NEWRES command (which starts
                         NewSpace) specifying a parameter (indicated here
                         by xxxxxxxxx) that NewSpace didn't recognize.

          What to do:    If this message occurred during your system start-
                         up, the NEWRES statement in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file
                         may be invalid.  Run the INSTALL program again.

                         If you entered the NEWRES statement in another BAT
                         file or manually, enter it again.  You must enter
                         the NEWRES command exactly as it was created by
                         the INSTALL program in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       Invalid or missing function.  For help, enter:

                              newspace /?

          Function:      NEWSPACE

          Meaning:       You typed NEWSPACE followed by something other
                         than STATUS, RECOVER, COMPRESS, or /?.

          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 30


          What to do:    Reenter the NEWSPACE command specifying a valid
                         function, or enter

                              newspace /?

                         to get help.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       Invalid parameter.  For help, enter:

                              newspace <function> /?

          Function:      NEWSPACE

          Meaning:       You typed NEWSPACE specifying STATUS, RECOVER, or
                         COMPRESS (indicated here by <function>), followed
                         by a parameter NewSpace didn't recognize.

          What to do:    Reenter the NEWSPACE command properly, or enter

                              newspace <function> /?

                         to get help.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       NewSpace commands will not be available from any
                         subdirectory.

          Function:      INSTALL

          Meaning:       A PATH statement can't be longer than 128
                         characters.  In your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, the last
                         PATH statement would have been over 128 characters
                         if the path to the directory containing NewSpace
                         programs were included.  You'll only be able to
                         enter NewSpace commands when the current directory
                         contains the NewSpace programs.

          What to do:    If you want to be able to enter NewSpace commands
                         from any subdirectory, you can do one of several
                         things:

                         *    Move the NewSpace programs into a directory
                              in your PATH statement.

                         *    Shorten your PATH statement.  You can do this
                              by reorganizing your subdirectory structure. 
                              Then add the directory containing the
                              NewSpace commands to the last PATH statement
                              in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file.

                         *    If you're using DOS 3.0 or higher, you can
                              enter the NewSpace commands with the path
                              specification explicitly.  For example, if
                              you've installed NewSpace in the subdirectory

          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 31

                              \NEWSPACE, you can enter a STATUS command
                              like this:

                                   c:\newspace\newspace status

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       NewSpace COMPRESS interrupted.

          Function:      COMPRESS

          Meaning:       You pressed Ctrl-Break while COMPRESS was
                         operating.

          What to do:    When you're ready to continue compressing your
                         eligible files, reenter the NewSpace COMPRESS
                         command.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       NewSpace has already been started.

          Function:      NEWRES

          Meaning:       The program that starts NewSpace (NEWRES) was
                         invoked more than once.  The second invocation is
                         ignored.

          What to do:    If the statement beginning "NEWRES" occurs more
                         than once in your AUTOEXEC.BAT, take all but one
                         out.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       NewSpace has been partially uninstalled.  Either
                         reinstall or run UNINSTALL to remove it
                         completely.

          Function:      NEWRES

          Meaning:       The program that starts NewSpace (NEWRES) didn't
                         find the normal NewSpace environment.  This may be
                         because you restored the NewSpace program files
                         after either uninstalling NewSpace or formatting
                         your hard disk.

          What to do:    If you want NewSpace on your hard disk, run
                         INSTALL again from the NewSpace distribution
                         diskette.  If you don't want NewSpace, run
                         UNINSTALL.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       NewSpace has not been installed on this drive.

          Function:      COMPRESS, RECOVER, or STATUS

          Meaning:       This message occurs for one of two reasons:

          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 32


                         *    You issued a NewSpace command specifying a
                              drive on which NewSpace isn't installed.

                         *    You issued the NewSpace command without
                              specifying a drive, and the default drive
                              isn't the drive on which NewSpace is
                              installed.

          What to do:    Check that NewSpace has been installed properly. 
                         If not, install NewSpace.  If so, issue the
                         command again, specifying the drive containing
                         your compressed files.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       NewSpace has not been started.

          Function:      COMPRESS, RECOVER, or STATUS

          Meaning:       The resident portion of NewSpace, NEWRES, has not
                         been started.

          What to do:    Check that NewSpace has been installed properly. 
                         If not, install NewSpace.  Or, issue the command
                         NEWRES (with whatever parameters are appropriate)
                         from the DOS prompt, or add the command to your
                         AUTOEXEC.BAT and reboot.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       NewSpace installation canceled.

          Function:      INSTALL

          Meaning:       You indicated to the INSTALL program that you
                         didn't want to proceed with installing NewSpace.

          What to do:    If you do want to install NewSpace, reenter the
                         INSTALL command.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       NewSpace uninstallation canceled.

          Function:      UNINSTALL

          Meaning:       You indicated to the UNINSTALL program that you
                         didn't want to proceed with uninstalling NewSpace.

          What to do:    Nothing.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       No erased version available for recovery.  (A
                         normal version exists.)

          Function:      RECOVER

          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 33


          Meaning:       You issued the RECOVER command specifying a file
                         you had not erased.

          What to do:    Check your spelling.  If appropriate, enter the
                         command again with the correct file name.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       No recoverable files have been found.

          Function:      RECOVER

          Meaning:       You issued the NEWSPACE RECOVER command (without
                         specifying any file) to find out which files were
                         recoverable, and NewSpace didn't find any
                         recoverable files.

                         You could get this message for any of several
                         reasons:

                         *    You haven't erased any compressed files since
                              you installed NewSpace.

                         *    You've already recovered all the erased
                              files.

                         *    NewSpace had to purge the recoverable files
                              to make room for a file being created.

          What to do:    Make sure that you actually erased a file.  If the
                         file you erased wasn't compressed, try using a
                         utility that recovers normal, uncompressed files.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       Not enough disk space to install NewSpace.

          Function:      INSTALL

          Meaning:       You don't have enough room on your hard disk for
                         NewSpace to put its programs.  NewSpace requires
                         about 225K bytes of space on your disk (although
                         it requires much less than that, once it has been
                         installed).

          What to do:    Free about 225K bytes on your disk (by backing up
                         and then erasing some files) and rerun INSTALL. 
                         After you run NEWSPACE COMPRESS, restore the files
                         you erased.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       Not enough memory to run COMPRESS.  Program
                         terminated.

          Function:      COMPRESS


          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 34

          Meaning:       You don't have enough room in RAM memory for
                         NewSpace to run its COMPRESS program.  NewSpace
                         COMPRESS requires about 128K bytes of memory.  You
                         are probably trying to run COMPRESS with several
                         other memory-resident programs active.

          What to do:    Unload all memory resident programs other than
                         NewSpace, or restart your system invoking only
                         NewSpace.  Then run COMPRESS again.  After
                         COMPRESS completes its processing, you can try
                         adding other memory resident programs again.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       One or more files with the same name as a NewSpace
                         program already exist in directory <path>.

                         Do you want to erase it or them?

          Function:      INSTALL

          Meaning:       In the directory indicated (indicated here by
                         <path>), files already exist with the same name as
                         one or more of the NewSpace programs.  If they
                         aren't erased, they may be invoked instead of the
                         NewSpace programs being installed.

          What to do:    If you want the existing files to be erased, type
                         Y and press Enter.  If you don't, type N and press
                         Enter.  In either case, the installation will
                         proceed.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       One or more PATH statements too long to include
                         path to NewSpace programs.

          Function:      INSTALL

          Meaning:       A PATH statement can't be longer than 128
                         characters.  In your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, one or
                         more PATH statements would have been over 128
                         characters if the path to the directory containing
                         NewSpace programs were included.  For those PATH
                         statements, the directory was not added.  If this
                         occurred in the last PATH statement in the file,
                         this message is followed by the message "NewSpace
                         commands will not be available from any
                         subdirectory."

          What to do:    Nothing.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       Path not found.

          Function:      RECOVER or STATUS


          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 35

          Meaning:       You specified a file including an invalid path
                         specification.

          What to do:    Reenter the command, correcting the path
                         specification.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       Specify a number between 0 and 99.

          Function:      INSTALL

          Meaning:       You didn't properly specify how much memory
                         NewSpace should use for its work as a number
                         between 0 and 99.

          What to do:    Type a number between 0 and 99.  Then press Enter.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       System statistics being gathered, please wait.

          Function:      COMPRESS

          Meaning:       The COMPRESS program has finished processing. 
                         Information is being gathered to display.

          What to do:    Nothing.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       The file xxxxxxxx.))) already exists.  Rename it. 
                         (Don't erase it.)

          Function:      RECOVER

          Meaning:       You issued a RECOVER command for a file with the
                         name xxxxxxxx (possibly followed by an extension). 
                         There is already a current, active version of the
                         same file, as well as a file with the name
                         xxxxxxxx.))).  When an active version exists of a
                         file to be recovered, RECOVER renames the current
                         version with the same file name and an extension
                         of ))).  Since a file of this name already exists,
                         it is unable to do so.

          What to do:    If you want to recover the file, you must rename
                         the file specified.

                         NOTE: Don't erase the file specified, since that
                         may make the erased file unrecoverable.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       This is not a hard disk drive.

          Function:      INSTALL or UNINSTALL


          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 36

          Meaning:       You entered a character that doesn't represent a
                         hard disk drive on your system.

          What to do:    Type the letter indicating the disk you want to
                         install NewSpace on, and then press Enter.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       This is not a valid drive on your system.

          Function:      INSTALL or UNINSTALL

          Meaning:       You entered a character that doesn't represent a
                         drive on your system.

          What to do:    Type the letter indicating the disk you want to
                         install NewSpace on, and then press Enter.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       This is not a valid path on your system.

          Function:      INSTALL or UNINSTALL

          Meaning:       You entered an invalid path specification to
                         indicate the subdirectory in which NewSpace is to
                         be installed, or from which NewSpace is to be
                         removed.  This could be because:

                         *    You used invalid characters in the path
                              specification

                         *    You used too long a subdirectory name

                         *    You specified a subdirectory whose parent
                              doesn't already exist.

          What to do:    Specify one of the following:

                         *    The root directory (\)

                         *    An existing subdirectory

                         *    A valid subdirectory of the root directory

                         *    A valid subdirectory of an existing
                              subdirectory

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       Unable to compress all eligible files in place.

          Function:      COMPRESS

          Meaning:       The NEWSPACE COMPRESS command could not find room
                         to compress the smallest eligible file on your
                         hard disk.


          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 37

          What to do:    See "Chapter 7: If COMPRESS Can't Compress All
                         Eligible Files in Place" on page 16.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       Unable to find program xxxxxxxx.xxx where
                         specified.

          Function:      UNINSTALL

          Meaning:       The uninstallation program was unable to find the
                         NewSpace program xxxxxxxx.xxx where you said it
                         would be.

          What to do:    After the uninstallation program ends, find and
                         erase the NewSpace program or programs listed.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       Uninstallation proceeding.

          Function:      UNINSTALL

          Meaning:       The NewSpace uninstallation program was unable to
                         find one or more NewSpace program files, but is
                         continuing to uninstall NewSpace.  This message
                         follows the message "Unable to find program
                         xxxxxxxx.xxx where specified."

          What to do:    Nothing.

          ----------------------------------------------------------------

          Message:       Versions of NEWSPACE.EXE and NEWRES.EXE are
                         incompatible.

          Function:      COMPRESS, DISK, STATUS, or RECOVER

          Meaning:       The program that starts NewSpace (NEWRES.EXE) and
                         the program that handles the NewSpace commands
                         (NEWSPACE.EXE) don't come from the same release of
                         NewSpace.

          What to do:    Decide which release of NewSpace you mean to be
                         using.  Then run INSTALL again from the NewSpace
                         distribution diskette for that release.

          ---------------------------------------------------------------











          NewSpace User Manual                                      Page 38




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