

		******  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS  ******

	1.0	Introduction
		1.1	Purpose of the Hard Drive Upgrader
		1.2	Operating System independence
		1.3	Terminology
	
	2.0	Using the Upgrader
		2.1	Setting up the Upgrader diskette
		2.2	Preparing hard drive larger than 8.4 GB
		2.3	Before running the Upgrader (Important)
		2.4	Running the Upgrader
		2.5	After running the Upgrader

	3.0	FAT16 to FAT32 Conversion
		3.1	Upgrading to a new hard drive and 	
			installing Windows 98 upgrade

	4.0	Examples
		Example 1: from 850MB FAT16 to 2.0GB FAT16
		Example 2: from 1.6GB FAT16 to 3.1GB FAT32
		Example 3: from 3.1GB FAT32 to 11GB FAT32

	5.0	The Upgrader Command Menu

	6.0	More on Hard Drive Upgrade
		6.1	Upgrading one hard disk to another
			6.1.1	Hardware setup
			6.1.2	Before copying hard drives
			6.1.3	Running the Upgrader
		6.2	Testing the target disk

	7.0	Disk Upgrade Duplicator

	8.0	Adding more partitions -- if needed

	9.0	Other Issues
		9.1	Bad Sector handling
		9.2	Anti-Virus Protection
		9.3	Copying non-Microsoft Operating Systems

	10.0	Troubleshooting and other Q&A
	
	APPENDICES

	Hardware Section
	    Appendix A:	  Hard Disk Classes
	    Appendix B:	  Master/Slave setting on IDE hard disk
	    Appendix C:	  BIOS and Enhanced BIOS
	    Appendix D:	  CMOS hard disk parameters
	    Appendix E:	  SCSI Hard Disk
	Software Section
	    Appendix F:	  Disk Manager
	    Appendix G:	  DriveSpace or Stacker
	F.I.T.  Hardware Options
	    Appendix H:	  F.I.T. Internal Removable HD Kit

October, 1998  (DPUPG)


1.0	Introduction
SUBJECT:>>> Introduction

	DiskPro Hard Drive Upgrader ("the Upgrader") brings a whole 
new standard to disk upgrade. The Upgrader expands single or 
multiple FAT16/FAT32 partition(s) on the fly without requiring any 
minimum free space on the partition(s), thus allowing expansion of 
full or almost full partition(s). The Upgrader can convert FAT16 
partition(s) to FAT32 partition(s) on the fly as well, making it much 
easier to take advantage of today's high capacity hard drives in a single 
step.  The Upgrader performs intelligent copy: it only copies those 
sectors that are actually used, making it much faster to upgrade a disk.

	The Upgrader is flexible and robust, supporting  various hard 
drive configurations and partition layout. One advantage is that the 
Upgrader comes with different packaging, either software only, or 
software bundled with F.I.T. Internal Removable rack.

1.1	Purpose of the Hard Drive Upgrader

	The Upgrader provides solutions for:

  * Hard Drive Upgrade
 	Whether you are simply running out of disk space or 
	upgrading to the latest operating system, whether it's 
	FAT16 or FAT32, this is the tool that you need.
  * FAT16 to FAT32 Conversion 

	(((Not recommended if your eventual target system does not support
	   FAT32. See section on "FAT16 to FAT32 Conversion" for detail.)))

 	Take advantage of today's large disk and FAT32's 
	support of a single large partition (over 2 GB) and 
	efficient use of disk space. No more wasted disk space
	or hassle of multiple drive letters.
  * Inexpensive Multi-Disk Upgrade (Deluxe ver. or higher)
	Turn your PC into a hard drive upgrade duplicator 	
	anytime anywhere.

	The Upgrader is especially useful when you upgrade your 
Windows 95 (or DOS/Windows 3.x) to Windows 98. You can use the 
Upgrader to copy your current hard drive to a larger one. You then 
install the new OS on the new larger drive. In case there is any 
problem installing or running Windows 98, you can always go back to 
your original system on the older hard drive. Also see section on 
"FAT16 to FAT32 conversion" for more information.

	The Upgrader supports partitions of other non-FAT file system 
type by performing a sector-by-sector copy (i.e., cloning without 
expansion). The Upgrader even allows you to "downgrade" from a 
larger hard drive to a smaller one if it's determined that the space will 
fit. This may enable you to recycle some of your older hard drives for 
backup or other use.

	The Upgrader also provides limited disk disaster recovery, and 
backup capability, which provides a quick recovery when disaster 
strikes your system hard disk. F.I.T.'s DiskPro Clone-n-Recover 
edition is a better solution for this particular purpose.
<<<

1.2	Operating System Independence (Why not GUI?)

	The Upgrader interface is very easy to use. The Upgrader runs 
on any DOS-bootable PC, regardless of its Operating System types: 
DOS, Windows 3.x, Windows 95/98, NT,  etc.   It is recommended 
that you run the Upgrader off a floppy drive when performing 
upgrade.  The text-oriented menu requires very little system resources 
and is easy to follow.  The resource-intensive GUI is not needed for 
the Upgrader.

1.3	Terminology

Source Disk: (or Source Drive, or Source hard disk)
	Is the drive from which the original data is to be copied.
Target Disk: (or Target Drive, or Destination Drive)
	Is the drive to which the original data is to be copied.
Upgrade:
	Is an operation by which partition contents on a Source Disk is 
	copied to a Target disk with partition size expanded.
Cloning:
	Is an operation by which partition contents on a Source Disk is 
	copied, sector by sector, to a Target disk without expansion.
Target System:
	Is the PC where the Target disk is to be used.

2.0	Using the Upgrader

	Do not use the Upgrader unless you read the Software License 
Agreement and agree to become bound by the terms of the Software 
License Agreement.   By using the Software, you accept its terms and 
conditions. To use the Upgrader successfully, please read the 
following sections.

2.1	Setting up the Upgrader diskette
SUBJECT:>>> Setting up the Upgrader diskette

	To ensure that the entire disk is copied completely, the 
Upgrader must run from a clean environment.  When you boot up with 
a  Upgrader bootable diskette, your system will have a clean 
environment, i.e., free of background tasks, driver programs, etc.

	The following setup procedure makes your Upgrader diskette 
bootable. This only has to be done once. The Upgrader is 
recommended to run off a floppy drive.  The Upgrader is not copied to 
your hard drive.

	1.  Find a DOS-bootable PC.
	2.  Make sure the PC is virus-free so that the Upgrader
	     diskette will not be infected in steps below.
	3.  Boot up the PC to DOS or Windows 95 (but not NT)
	     and go to DOS prompt.
	4.  Insert the Upgrader diskette into A:
	5.  Go to A: drive (at the prompt, type A: <enter>)
	6.  At A: prompt,  type SETUP <enter>
<<<

2.2	Preparing hard drive larger than 8.4GB
SUBJECT:>>> Preparing hard drive larger than 8.4GB

	If your BIOS can recognize hard drives larger than 8.4GB, 
there is no extra steps needed to prepare them before running the 
Upgrader.  If, however, your BIOS cannot recognize the full capacity 
of the hard drive, it is required that you prepare the hard drive with a 
disk manager software (such as EZ-Drive) before using the Upgrader. 
Please see Appendix F for detail.
<<<

2.3	Before running the Upgrader (Important)
SUBJECT:>>> Before running the Upgrader (Important)

IMPORTANT:  Please Read This Section Carefully.

	Before running the Upgrader, you should make sure that 
the target disk works in the target system and also works with other 
chained drives if you connect multiple drives in one port, i.e., make 
sure all hardware compatibility problems are cleared.  It is strongly 
recommended, if possible,  that you place the target disk where 
the boot drive is on the target system, and set current boot drive to 
slave, or on secondary IDE channel.  Refer to your hard disk 
manufacturer's Installation Guide for setting up hard disk properly.

Basically, there are two types of compatibility problems: (1) a drive 
may not work well with an IDE/ATAPI or SCSI port, (2) different 
brands or types of drives may not work together under one port.  
Refer to Hardware section of the Appendices for details.
<<<

2.4	Running the Upgrader
SUBJECT:>>> Running the Upgrader

	This section shows what Upgrader commands to use when 
copying hard drives.  If you are not familiar with the hard disk setup 
issues, such as, master/slave mode, CMOS setup, [c/h/s] setting, or 
LBA mode, you should read Section 2.2 or the hardware section in 
Appendices first before running the Upgrader software.  Examples are 
also given in chapter 4 for reference.

	When you are ready to run the Upgrader software, insert the 
Upgrader diskette into A:, reboot, and enter UPGRADER at the DOS 
prompt.  Even though your current system may not be DOS based, 
you still can run the Upgrader provided that your system can boot 
from the diskette.

	If your boot diskette is made from Windows 95 or 98, you may 
see "Starting Windows 95/98 ..." message when booting from the 
diskette. Just continue.

	Note: If your system does not boot from A: drive, make sure 
that the setting of boot sequence in CMOS is "A:, C:".

  *** Before the Upgrader main menu is presented, you are prompted to 
verify the hard drive capacity and the BIOS translation displayed 
on the screen. Make sure the displayed information matches the 
actual hard drive numbers. If not, you need to change the CMOS 
settings to show the correct capacity or there may be a hard drive 
compatibility problem. Refer to the hard disk manufacturer's 
Installation Guide for correct setup.
 
  *** Optionally, if you are not sure about which ID is assigned to which 
hard disk, you can use option 4 to verify by flashing the hard disk 
LED.  For the Internal hard drives, you may see both master and 
slave drives flashing while one is selected. Refer to the 
"Master/Slave setting ..." of the Appendix section.
 
  *** Optionally, if you want to find out the existing partition type(s) on 
the hard drive, you can use option 8 to do just that.
 
  *** When ready, select option 1, "EXPRESS UPGRADE", to actually 
perform the disk upgrade. If the Upgrader determines the 
possibility of a FAT16 to FAT32 conversion, the option will be 
offered. Refer to the section on "FAT16 to FAT32 Conversion" 
for detail.
 
  *** When done, check the on-screen report or the saved report file.
<<<

2.5	After running the Upgrader
SUBJECT:>>> After running the Upgrader

	If the Upgrader reports a successful copy, do the following:

  *** Remove the original source hard disk (HD). Make sure the 
MASTER/SLAVE setting on the target HD is the same as the 
original HD. Install the target HD in place.

  *** Boot up the system to the CMOS settings and make sure the hard 
drive type and translation mode is set correctly. Continue booting 
from the target drive.
<<<

3.0	FAT16 to FAT32 Conversion
SUBJECT:>>> FAT16 to FAT32 Conversion

WARNING: This procedure only copies and converts the format of 
the file system from FAT16 on the source disk to FAT32 on the target 
disk. It does NOT perform any OS upgrade. If you wish to convert to 
FAT32, and also install OS upgrade (e.g., Windows 98) to enable 
FAT32 support, please read this and the next sections carefully.

	If your source disk has a FAT16 partition which, when copied 
to the target disk, becomes larger than 256 MB,  the Upgrader can 
copy these FAT16 partitions to the target disk and convert them to 
FAT32. 

	Newer versions of Windows, including Windows 95 B version 
(OSR2), Windows 98 and Windows NT 5.0, support enhanced FAT32 
file system for large disks. FAT32 utilizes disk space on large drives 
more efficiently, and allows individual partitions to go beyond the 2.1 
GB FAT16 limit.

	Always verify whether your target system supports FAT32 
properly. DOS, Windows 3.x, and some versions of Windows 95 and 
Windows NT do not support FAT32. In addition, some disk utilities 
might not be designed explicitly for the FAT32 file system.

WARNING: Do not enable FAT16 to FAT32 conversion unless your 
target system supports FAT32. Otherwise, you will not be able to 
access the converted partition(s) on the target disk.

	If your operating system on the source boot disk is one that 
already supports FAT32, do the following depending on the original 
partition type on the source disk:

>>> If the original partition type is already FAT32, you will not be 
prompted for FAT32 conversion. The Upgrader will automatically 
copy and expand your FAT32 partition on the fly. See Example 3 
in Chapter 4.
>>> If the original partition type is FAT16, answer yes when prompted 
for FAT32 conversion. The Upgrader will convert and expand 
your partition on the fly. There is no need to install a new OS See 
Example 2 in Chapter 4.

	Note that you can find out the original partition types by using 
the Upgrader command option 8 "List  partition info."

	If your OS (FAT16 type) on the source boot disk does not 
support FAT32 but you want to utilize a larger target disk with 
FAT32 support, there are two separate tasks that need to be 
accomplished:

>>> One is to copy from the source disk and convert to FAT32 on the 
target disk. The Hard Drive Upgrader can do this for you.
>>> The other one is to install a new OS that will support FAT32. The 
Hard Drive Upgrader cannot do this for you.

	These two tasks are described, in more detail, in Section 3.1 
below if the intended new OS is Windows 98. As far as we know, 
there does not seem to be an OS upgrade path to Windows 95B  
(OSR2). But if there is, you can follow the same procedure below.
<<<

3.1	Upgrading to a new hard drive and installing Windows 98 upgrade
SUBJECT:>>> Upgrading to a new hard drive and installing Windows 98 upgrade

IMPORTANT. If you are not only copying to a new hard drive but 
also upgrading the OS to Windows 98, please determine the 
appropriate case below and follow the instruction carefully.

From below        To right   (Windows 98,FAT16)    (Windows 98, FAT32)

Windows 3.x,FAT16              Case 1                Case 3
Windows 95, FAT16              Case 1                Case 3
Win 95B/98, FAT16              Case 1                Case 2
Win 95B/98, FAT32               N/A                  Case 2

<<<

SUBJECT:>>> --->  Continue   Case 1
CASE 1: Your current partition on the source disk is FAT16. You 
wish to install Windows 98 upgrade but retain FAT16 on the target drive.

1. Make sure your current setup supports CD-ROM properly.
2. (Optional) If you have not done so already, you can make the Hard 
Drive Upgrader Diskette bootable by running SETUP.BAT on it.
3. Shut down the computer and install the target hard drive. You may 
need to temporarily disconnect the CD-ROM drive to 
accommodate the second hard drive, depending on your hardware 
configuration.
4. Reboot from the Upgrader Diskette (or a bootable DOS diskette) 
and run UPGRADER.
5. Select command option for Hard Drive UPGRADE.
6. When prompted whether to "Enable FAT16 to FAT32 conversion" 
answer NO. Hard drive copy will start.
7. After copy is completed, remove the Upgrader Diskette and shut 
down the computer. Remove the original (source) hard drive, and 
reconnect the CD-ROM drive if necessary.
8. Reboot from the new target drive. Everything should be the same 
as before.
9. Insert Windows 98 Upgrade CD. If a window comes up asking 
whether to upgrade at this point, say YES and follow its 
instruction to complete the Windows 98 upgrade.
10. Otherwise, open up a command prompt and change to the CD-
ROM drive (e.g., D:).
At the command prompt, run SETUP.EXE and follow its instruction 
to complete the Windows 98 upgrade.
<<<

SUBJECT:>>> --->  Continue   Case 2
CASE 2: Your current OS on the source disk is Windows 95B. You 
wish to install Windows 98 upgrade, and convert to FAT32 if needed, 
on the target drive.

1. Make sure your current setup supports CD-ROM properly.
2. (Optional) If you have not done so already, you can make the Hard 
Drive Upgrader Diskette bootable by running SETUP.BAT on it.
3. Shut down the computer and install the target hard drive. You may 
need to temporarily disconnect the CD-ROM drive to 
accommodate the second hard drive, depending on your hardware 
configuration.
4. Reboot from the Upgrader Diskette (or a bootable DOS diskette) 
and run UPGRADER.
5. Select command option for Hard Drive UPGRADE.
6. You may be prompted whether to "Enable FAT16 to FAT32 
conversion". If so, answer YES. Hard drive copy will start.
7. After copy is completed, remove the Upgrader Diskette and shut 
down the computer. Remove the original (source) hard drive, and 
reconnect the CD-ROM drive if necessary.
8. Reboot from the new target drive. Everything should be the same 
as before.
9. Insert Windows 98 Upgrade CD. If a window comes up asking 
whether to upgrade at this point, say YES and follow its 
instruction to complete the Windows 98 upgrade.
10. Otherwise, open up a command prompt and change to the CD-
ROM drive (e.g., D:).
At the command prompt, run SETUP.EXE and follow its instruction 
to complete the Windows 98 upgrade.
<<<

SUBJECT:>>> --->  Continue   Case 3
CASE 3: Your current OS on the source disk supports FAT16 but not 
FAT32. You wish to convert to FAT32 on the target drive and also 
install Windows 98 upgrade to enable FAT32 support.

	There are two ways to do this. If you are concerned about the 
stability of the new OS and prefer not to touch the current drive, or if 
you do not have enough space on the current drive to install the new 
OS, follow the SAFE installation steps below.

	With this method, you can always go back to your original 
system on the older hard drive if there is any problem installing or 
running the new OS.
	
	The step-by-step procedure below can be summarized as 
follows: First, you make a FAT32 bootable diskette for your new OS 
with 16-bit DOS real-mode CD-ROM support. Next, you run the 
Upgrader to copy the source drive to the target drive with "FAT16 to 
FAT32 Conversion" enabled. Then, with only your target drive 
attached, reboot from the FAT32 boot diskette and follow the 
instruction to complete the OS installation.

Step by step:

1. Do not install the target hard drive yet. Boot  normally to your 
current OS with the CD-ROM installed and recognized.
2. Prepare a formatted 1.44MB 3.5" diskette.
3. Insert Windows 98 Upgrade CD. If a window comes up asking 
whether to upgrade at this point, say NO and exit the window.
4. Change to the CD-ROM drive and go to 
\Tools\MTSutil\FAT32EBD directory. If the directory exists, go 
to Step 5. If there is no such directory, obtain or make a FAT32 
boot diskette from a FAT32-enabled system. Refer to Windows 
95/98 FORMAT utility. Then add 16-bit DOS real-mode driver 
support for your CD-ROM drive to  the boot diskette. Refer to 
your CD-ROM installation guide.   Skip Step 5 and go to Step 6.
5. Run FAT32EBD.EXE and follow its prompts to create a FAT32 
Emergency Boot Disk (EBD). For a detail description of this step, 
please refer to FAT32EBD.TXT file in the above mentioned 
\Tools\MTSutil\FAT32EBD directory. Remove the FAT32 EBD. 
Do not restart the system with the FAT32 EBD at this point.
6. (Optional) If you have not done so already, insert the Hard Drive 
Upgrader Diskette and run SETUP.BAT on the diskette to make it bootable.
7. Shut down the computer and install the target hard drive. You may 
need to temporarily disconnect the CD-ROM drive to 
accommodate the second hard drive, depending on your hardware 
configuration.
8. Reboot from the Upgrader Diskette (or FAT32 EBD) and run UPGRADER.
9. Select command option for Hard Drive UPGRADE.
10. When prompted whether to "Enable FAT16 to FAT32 conversion" 
answer YES. Hard drive copy will start.
11. After copy is completed, remove the Upgrader Diskette and shut 
down the computer. Remove the original (source) hard drive, and 
reconnect the CD-ROM drive if necessary.
12. Reboot from the FAT32 EBD made earlier in step 5.
13. When prompted for CD-ROM options, select "Start computer with 
CD-ROM support". If your CD-ROM drive is not recognized, 
consult your CD-ROM drive's installation guide to add CD-ROM 
support to the FAT32 EBD.
14. Insert Windows 98 Upgrade CD.
15. At A: prompt, change to the CD-ROM drive (e.g., D:).
16. At the command prompt, run SETUP.EXE and follow its 
instruction to complete the Windows 98 upgrade.

	Alternatively and more easily, if you do not mind overwriting 
your existing OS, you can first install Windows 98 on your current 
hard drive. Refer to your OS installation procedure for detail. You 
then run the Upgrader to copy it to a larger drive with "FAT16 to 
FAT32 Conversion" enabled. See Example 2 in Chapter 4 for steps.
<<<

4.0	Examples

SUBJECT:>>> Example 1:  from 850MB FAT16 to 2.0GB FAT16
######  Example 1:
System:	Pentium 200 Desktop
BIOS:	Award BIOS 4.51PG
Source Disk: IDE
	Capacity: 850MB, [c/h/s] = [1668/16/63]
	Configuration: set to Master on Primary IDE port
	Operating System: Windows 95 (or DOS/Win3.x) FAT16
Target Disk: IDE
	Capacity: 2.0GB, [c/h/s] = [4088/16/63]
	Configuration: set to Master on Secondary IDE port

Purpose: Upgrade the 850MB hard disk to 2.0GB and expand the 
	    partition to use the extra space.

Action to take:

A) Go to CMOS setup and verify both hard disks are set up as 
AUTO-CONFIG with LBA mode.

B) Boot from the Upgrader diskette and run the Upgrader. Verify 
both hard drives capacity and BIOS translation are listed correctly

C) Select EXPRESS hard disk UPGRADE command. When 
prompted whether to Enable FAT16 to FAT32 Conversion, 
answer No. (Your OS does not support FAT32). For more 
information, refer to "FAT16 to FAT32 Conversion" and "Q&A" sections.

D) When done, check the report on the screen or in the log file. Make 
sure everything is OK.

E) You are ready to test the system. First turn off the machine.  
Remove source disk, and place destination hard disk into the 
Master of Primary IDE port.   Reboot the PC.  (You do not have 
to change CMOS.  Keep the CMOS setting as AUTO-CONFIG.)

F) When the system boots up, you should see the original system but 
with more space.
<<<

SUBJECT:>>> Example 2:  from 1.6GB FAT16 to 3.1GB FAT32
######  Example 2:
System:	Pentium 200MMX Notebook
BIOS:	SysSoft BIOS Sis-510X, v.1.01.26
Source Disk: 2.5" IDE
	Capacity: 1.6GB, [c/h/s] = [3276/16/63]
	Configuration: set to Master on Primary IDE port
	Operating System: Windows 95 OSR2 (4.00.950 B) FAT16
Target Disk: 2.5" IDE
	Capacity: 3.1GB, [c/h/s] = [6144/16/63]
	Configuration: set to Slave on Primary IDE port

Purpose:  Upgrade the 1.6GB hard disk to 3.1GB and convert to FAT32.

Action to take:

A) Go to CMOS setup and verify both hard disks are set up as 
AUTO-ID with LBA mode.

B) Boot from the Upgrader diskette and run the Upgrader. Verify 
both hard drives capacity and BIOS translation is listed correctly.

C) Select EXPRESS hard disk UPGRADE command. When 
prompted whether to Enable FAT16 to FAT32 Conversion, 
answer Yes. (Your OS does support FAT32)  If  you answer No, 
it will still work, but you end up with a 2.1 GB FAT16 partition on 
a 3.1 GB hard drive.

D) When done, check the report on the screen or in the log file. Make 
sure everything is OK.

E) You are ready to test the system. First turn off the machine.  
Remove source disk, and place destination hard disk into the 
Master of Primary IDE port. Reboot the PC.  (You do not have to 
change CMOS.  Keep the CMOS setting as AUTO-ID.)

F) When the system boots up, you should see the whole 3.1GB as a 
single FAT32 partition.
<<<

SUBJECT:>>> Example 1:  from 3.1GB FAT32 to 11GB FAT32
######  Example 3:
System:	Pentium 200 Desktop
BIOS:	Award BIOS 4.51PG
Source Disk: IDE
	Capacity: 3.1GB, [c/h/s] = [6144/16/63]
	Configuration: set to Master on Primary IDE port
	Operating System: Windows 98 FAT32
Target Disk: IDE
	Capacity: 11GB, [c/h/s] = [22332/16/63]
	Configuration: set to Master on Secondary IDE port
Purpose:  Upgrade the 3.1GB hard disk to 11GB and expand the 
	      partition to use the extra space.

Action to take:

A) Go to CMOS setup and verify both hard disks are set up as 
AUTO-CONFIG with LBA mode. Award BIOS 4.51PG can 
recognize hard drive larger than 8.4GB.  There is no need to 
prepare the target hard disk with Disk Manager software such as EZ-Drive.

B) Boot from the Upgrader diskette and run the Upgrader. Verify 
both hard drives capacity and BIOS translation are listed correctly.

C) Select EXPRESS hard disk UPGRADE command.

D) When done, check the report on the screen or in the log file. Make 
sure everything is OK.

E) You are ready to test the system. First turn off the machine.  
Remove source disk, and place destination hard disk into the 
Master of Primary IDE port.   Reboot the PC.  (You do not have 
to change CMOS.  Keep the CMOS setting as AUTO-CONFIG.)

F) When the system boots up, you should see the whole 11GB as a 
single FAT32 partition.
<<<

5.0	The Upgrader Command Menu

This section describes the command options in the Upgrader main menu.

Command Option 1:  EXPRESS UPGRADE
	It is used for upgrading one hard drive to another

Command Option 3:  List all HD in the system
	It lists all available hard drives in the system.

Command Option 4:  Show a HD
	It shows a hard disk by flashing its LED.

Command Option 5:  Refresh system HD information
It will re-detect system HD information if you use F.I.T. 
Removable HD, which allows you to swap a hard disk.

Command Option 7:  Help Menu
	It displays on-line help topics.

Command Option 8: List partition information on an HD
It lists an HD's partition information. It shows whether you 
have FAT16, FAT32, or other partition type, among other things.

The Following Options Are Only Available For The Upgrader 
Deluxe Version Or Higher.

Command Option 2:  CUSTOM UPGRADE (Deluxe)
It is for general cases of upgrade. You can also connect a 
number (2 or more depending on the version) of hard drives to 
one system and upgrade multiple hard disks at a time. It can be 
used as an inexpensive hard drive upgrade duplicator.  It has an 
option to clear Win95 ID.

Command Option 6:  List Advanced Utility Menu (Deluxe)
	It lists advanced command options described below.

Command Option 19: Upgrader Program options (Deluxe)
It allows you to display and change the Upgrader system 
parameters: bad sector retries count, bad sector handling after 
retry, parallel port HD timing, and number of discrepancies to 
display before stopping when comparing sectors.

Command Options 20/21: Print a Sector (Deluxe)
	Display sector data.

Command Option 22: Compare sector(s) (Deluxe)
	Compare sectors.

Command Option 24: Convert system embedded [c/h/s] (Deluxe)
When the target disk was created originally, the BIOS-
translated Cylinders,  Heads, and Sectors (C/H/S) at that time 
was recorded in its system sectors. If the system CMOS 
settings for the disk have since been changed, or the disk has 
been moved to a different system with different BIOS 
translation, the current BIOS-translated C/H/S may not match 
the original recorded value. The result is that you may not boot 
or recognize the disk properly. This command modifies the 
recorded C/H/S on the disk to match the current BIOS settings.

Command Option 25: Change Win95 ID (Deluxe)
Windows 95 buries an ID in each HD that it formats.  This 
command can change it when necessary.

Command Option 182: Modify data in a sector (Deluxe)
This low-level command allows you to modify the contents of 
a sector. It is intended for an experienced user to manipulate 
the sector data.

Command Option 183: Copy sector(s) (Deluxe)
This low-level command allows you to copy any number of 
sectors from one hard drive to another or itself. It is intended 
for an experienced user to manipulate the sector data.

6.0	More on Hard Drive Upgrade
SUBJECT:>>> More on Hard Drive Upgrade

	The Upgrader makes hard disk upgrade an easy task.  In order 
to use the target disk, we need to plan ahead and address some system 
software and hardware issues.   The concerned issues are listed as follows.
	1.  Master and Slave settings on IDE hard drives
	2.  Old fashion BIOS  vs. Enhanced BIOS
	3.  CMOS setting of hard disk parameters

	For more information on these topics, please refer to the 
corresponding section of appendices. If you are using SCSI hard disk, 
read appendix section of SCSI hard disk first.

6.1	Upgrading one hard disk to another

	This section describes, in more detail, upgrading one source 
disk to one destination disk.  Information given is based on IDE hard 
drives. If  you use a SCSI hard disk, refer to Appendix: SCSI hard 
disk for details.

6.1.1	Hardware setup

	If your destination hard disk is an internal drive, you 
must set the master/slave jumper accordingly.  Each IDE port can 
allow only one master drive and one slave drive.  If you have two IDE 
ports, like most Pentium machines, we recommend that the source and 
destination hard disks be connected to an IDE port (channel) 
individually and each set to master mode.   That will make swapping, if 
needed, easier.

	When adding the destination hard disk to your system, refer to 
manufacturer's manual to set up CMOS parameter.

	You should have no problem if you use the SAME BRAND 
AND SAME SERIES hard drives in an IDE port as master and slave.  
You may or may not see problems if you mix different brands or series 
of hard drives in one IDE port.  Contact the hard disk manufacturer, 
not F.I.T., for such problems.

6.1.2	Before copying hard drives

	First, you need to make sure your system recognizes the full 
capacity of your hard drives and the BIOS translation mode is set up 
properly before running the Upgrader.

	If your system has an old-fashioned BIOS (486 or early 
Pentium usually before mid-1994), it can only handle up to 528MB 
hard drive.  If your system has an Enhanced BIOS, set the CMOS 
settings for the hard drive type to AUTO-DETECT or AUTO-
CONFIG and the translation mode to AUTO or LBA. This usually 
allows the system to automatically detect the full capacity of the hard 
drives. There are some exceptions to this. So please refer to your hard 
drive installation guide for detail.

6.1.3	Running the Upgrader

	After booting up your PC from the Upgrader Diskette, at A: 
prompt, type UPGRADER then enter.  You should see the Upgrader main menu.

	The "EXPRESS hard disk UPGRADE" command is designed 
for one-to-one upgrade with minimum query.  Follow the command 
instruction on how to upgrade a hard disk.

	You can list all hard disks available in the system.  You can 
also show a particular hard disk by making its LED light flash.  
However, you may see both master and slave drives on the same IDE 
port flashing simultaneously when you select either one.   This is 
because both hard drive's LEDs are connected to the same IDE port.

6.2	Testing the Target Disk

	Remove the original source hard disk (HD). Make sure the 
MASTER/SLAVE setting on the target HD is the same as the original 
HD. Install the target HD in place.

	Boot up the system to the CMOS settings and make sure the 
hard drive type and translation mode is set correctly. Continue booting 
from the target drive.
<<<

7.0	Disk Upgrade Duplicator (Deluxe ver. or up)
SUBJECT:>>> Disk Upgrade Duplicator (Deluxe ver. or up)

	The Upgrader Deluxe can easily turn your PC into an 
inexpensive Hard Disk Duplicator.  To upgrade one hard disk to 
multiple (up to 32) hard disks, you need to select "CUSTOM hard disk 
UPGRADE" command.  Just follow the command step on the screen.

	You can use any of  the following combinations of connections 
to duplicate disks.  The source disk can reside at any of the interface types.

  **  Each IDE port can connect up to 2 disks
  **  Each SCSI port can connect up to 7 disks, 15 for Ultra wide SCSI.  
	Make sure to use a terminator on the end disk.

	If any destination disk fails before completion, the Upgrader 
still tries to finish other disks.  A report is always generated on the 
screen.  The Upgrader has the option to generate a report in a file.  It 
is recommended to save the report on the Upgrader diskette, not 
source or destination disk.
<<<

8.0	Adding more partitions -- if needed
SUBJECT:>>> Adding more partitions -- if needed

	There are cases when free space is still available on the target 
drive after upgrade. For example, if you copy a partition that is NOT 
expandable to a larger drive. Or if you copy a FAT16 partition to a 
drive that is larger than 2.1 GB (FAT16 partition has a 2.1 GB limit). 
Or in an extreme case due to the nature of the FAT16 cluster 
structure, if you copy a(n) (almost) full FAT16 partition to a slightly 
larger drive in the next size class.

	You may be able to use your operating system's command to 
add more partition to use the free space.  In DOS (or Windows 3.x) or 
Windows 95/98, use FDISK.  In Windows NT, use tools in System 
Administration.  For other operating system you should consult its 
system administration document.
<<<

9.0	Other Issues

9.1	Bad Sector Handling
SUBJECT:>>> Bad Sector Handling

	When the Upgrader encounters a bad sector, it defaults to retry 
30 times.  After retry is exhausted, the Upgrader defaults to stop 
copying for that hard disk, or stop the whole operation if it is the 
source disk.  Command option 19, which is only available in Deluxe 
version or up, allows user to change the above default values.  User 
can set number of retry counts and can also select to ignore the bad 
sectors and continue copying after retry is exhausted.
<<<

9.2	Anti-Virus Protection
SUBJECT:>>> Anti-Virus Protection

	If you encounter write failure or write protection when copying 
to a target disk, check your CMOS if any anti-virus feature is turned 
on. You need to turn it off before copying a hard disk.  Some BIOS 
may prompt you before writing onto the destination hard disk.  In this 
case, simply answer  YES to proceed.
<<<

9.3	Copying non-Microsoft Operating Systems
SUBJECT:>>> Copying non-Microsoft Operating Systems

	This version of the Upgrader is intended for Microsoft 
operating systems and the associated FAT16/FAT32 partition types. 
Other operating systems and partition types will be copied sector by 
sector (i.e., mirror image of partition created without expansion) and 
are otherwise unsupported. Since the embedded system [c/h/s], if any, 
is unmodified in this case, the target drive may or may not work properly.
<<<

10.0	Troubleshooting and other Q&A
SUBJECT:>>> Troubleshooting and other Q&A

	For latest trouble-shooting information, if any, please refer to 
the README file.

Q: Cannot boot the target disk after copying.

A: Provided that there are no hardware compatibility issues, this 
symptom is usually seen when the BIOS [c/h/s] settings in CMOS 
are incorrect or the target disk is moved to a different system.   
You need to correct the CMOS settings first. The Upgrader is 
intended for copying a hard drive that is used on the same system. 
If the drive is used on a different system, it may or may not work, 
even if the CMOS settings are properly set.

Q: After copying to a larger hard disk, I can only see a portion of the HD.

A: There are cases when free space is still available on the target drive 
after upgrade. For example, if you copy a partition that is NOT 
expandable to a larger drive. Or if you copy a FAT16 partition to a 
drive that is larger than 2.1 GB (FAT16 partition has a 2.1 GB 
limit). Or in an extreme case due to the nature of the FAT16 
cluster structure, if you copy a(n) (almost) full FAT16 partition to 
a slightly larger drive in the next size class.
 
 You may be able to use your operating system's command to add 
more partition to use the free space.  In DOS (or Windows 3.x) or 
Windows 95/98, use FDISK.  In Windows NT, use tools in System 
Administration.  For other operating system you should consult its 
system administration document.

Q: My system does not auto-detect the target disk. Can I still use the Upgrader?

A: Generally, you should, in CMOS, set Hard Disk to User-Defined 
Type with the target disk's original (firmware) [c/h/s] numbers.  
Then, set LBA (Logical) mode and reboot with the Upgrader 
diskette. Use command menu option 3 to display BIOS translated 
[c/h/s] numbers and capacity. If the capacity shown matches that of 
the target disk,  then you should be able to use the target disk to its 
full capacity.

WARNING:  If the displayed capacity is less than the full capacity of 
the target disk and you choose to continue with the Upgrader, you 
may still be able to copy the hard drive, but you may not get the 
full capacity of the target disk.

Q: When I boot my target disk, it says that the Windows Swap 
file is corrupted.  What should I do?

A: You should follow the message instruction and create a new swap 
file.  It will operate normally then.

Q: What is the capacity limit on BIOS and FAT partitions?

A: Current BIOS can handle a hard drive of up to 8.4GB.  FAT16 can 
handle up to 2.1GB for all OS.   FAT32 can handle much larger 
capacity, but limit on BIOS is 8.4GB.

Q: Why does the Upgrader not  see the full capacity of my hard drive?

A: If the hard drive is larger than 8.4GB, see Section 2.3 and 
Appendix F for solution.  Otherwise, it's mostly caused by (1) 
improper BIOS settings of the hard drive or (2) hard drive 
incompatibility with the system or other chained devices. Please 
verify your CMOS setup and check your hard drive's installation 
guide for proper setup.

Q: How do I find out the partition information on my hard drive?

A: You can use the Upgrader command option 8 "List partition info." 
to find out, among other things, partition type(s) such as FAT16, 
FAT32, or other OS type.

Q: How do I find out the version of my Windows 95 and whether it supports FAT32?

A: Following "My Computer", "Control Panel" and "System" path, 
you should see Windows 95 version number displayed under 
"System:" on the upper-right-hand quadrant. If it shows "4.00.950 
B", which corresponds to Windows 95 OSR2 (OEM System 
Release 2), then it supports FAT32. Windows 98 also supports 
FAT32. If the version shows "4.00.950" or "4.00.950 A",  your 
Windows 95 supports FAT16 but not FAT32. In this case, it 
cannot have a single partition over 2.1GB limit.

Q: I would like to upgrade my current OS on my hard drive to 
Windows 98 on a larger drive and maintain a single 
partition. Can I use the Upgrader to help me?

A. Yes, please refer to Section 3.1 on "Also Upgrading OS to Windows 98."

Q: Can I use the Upgrader to copy non-Microsoft operating systems?

A: This version of the Upgrader is intended for Microsoft operating 
systems and the associated FAT16/FAT32 partition types. Other 
operating systems and partition types will be copied sector by 
sector (i.e., mirror image of partition created without expansion) 
and are otherwise unsupported. Since the embedded system 
[c/h/s], if any, is unmodified in this case, the target drive may or 
may not work properly.

Q: My FAT16/FAT32 partition or host drive is full or almost 
full. Can I still expand the partition without freeing up space first?

A: Yes. The Upgrader expands FAT16/FAT32 partition(s) on the fly 
without requiring any minimum free space on the partition(s).

Q: Can I copy to a smaller hard drive?

A: Yes, target disk space permitted. The Upgrader performs 
intelligent copy, i.e., only copies those sectors that are actually 
used. If your source drive contains unallocated space at the end or 
FAT16/FAT32 partitions that are not nearly full, you may be able 
to copy to a smaller drive. The Upgrader will perform an intelligent 
analysis of your source and target disks and inform you if the 
target disk is too small. Sometimes defragmenting the source drive may help.

Q: How come the drive order is incorrect after I upgrade my 
hard drive and reboot the system?

A: If you leave both the source and target disks in the machine and 
reboot,  you might see drive letters assigned out of order, 
depending on the number of partitions on the hard drives. This is 
due to the nature of the underlined OS and is not caused by the 
upgrade itself. Simply remove the source disk and reboot.
<<<
 
APPENDICES

Appendix A:	  Hard Disk Classes
SUBJECT:>>> Hard Disk Classes

The Upgrader classifies hard disk by its capacities for reference.

Class A:  0-528MB   up to [1024/16/63]*512=  528,482,304 bytes
Class B:  529-1056MB  up to [2048/16/63]*512=1,056,964,608
Class C: 1057-2113MB up to [4096/16/63]*512=2,113,929,216
Class D: 2114-4227MB up to [8192/16/63]*512=4,227,858,432
Class E: 4228-8455MB up to [16384/16/63]*512=8,455,716,864
Class F: over 8455MB over  [16384/16/63]*512 > 8,455,716,864

	When BIOS is translating from hard disk's [c/h/s] to BIOS 
translated [c/h/s], BIOS keeps the cylinder number between 512 and 
1024.  When the capacity goes from one class to a higher capacity 
class, the cylinder number is divided by 2 to fall into between 512 and 
1024 while the head number is multiplied by 2 to reflect the same 
capacity.  Hence, Each Class of hard disk has same head and sector 
numbers while cylinder number falls in between 512 and 1024.
<<<

Appendix B:   Master/Slave setting on IDE hard disk
SUBJECT:>>> Master/Slave setting on IDE hard disk

	An IDE port can take up to 2 IDE hard drives in a serial or 
daisy chain connection.  In order for the IDE controller to distinguish 
one IDE drive from another, one drive must be set as master, another 
as slave.  This is usually done by setting up jumpers on the hard drive.  
(However, some hard drives, for instance, Toshiba's 2.5" hard drive, 
must be done through Toshiba's special utility to change master and 
slave mode.)  Most of hard disk manufacturers print the jumper 
settings on the top of the drive for easy reference.

	PC history has always been full of compatibility issues.  No 
exception in IDE port and IDE drives.  All system integrators more or 
less go down the similar bumpy road.  Listed below are some possible 
compatibility problems.

1. When adding an IDE controller, it may not work well with the motherboard.
2. When connecting an IDE drive to an IDE controller (may or may 
not be on-board), the IDE controller may not work well with the IDE drive.
3. When adding a Slave IDE drive to an existing Master IDE drive on 
the same port, the Slave IDE drive may not be compatible with the 
Master drive.

	The above conditions should be resolved by your PC maker.  If 
you are adding more hard drive to your IDE port, having identical 
hard drives daisy chained to one IDE port should not have any 
compatibility problem.  A mix of different brands and models in an 
IDE port may not work with each other.  Contact your hard disk 
manufacturer to solve the compatibility problem.

	The SCSI hard drive uses SCSI ID to identify itself.  The 
SCSI-1 and SCSI-2 uses ID 0 to 7, SCSI-3 0-15.
<<<

Appendix C:	  BIOS and Enhanced BIOS
SUBJECT:>>> BIOS and Enhanced BIOS

	Basic Input/Output Subsystem (BIOS) handles hardware 
interface for a PC system.  In earlier years (usually before mid-1994, 
most 486's and some early Pentiums), hard disks were less than 
528MB, e.g., hard disk parameter [c/h/s] with c<=1024, h<=16, 
s<=63.  BIOS was designed to handle maximum capacity of 528MB 
for a hard disk.

	When hard disk technology grew beyond 528MB, the old 
fashioned BIOS could not use the additional capacity.  Meanwhile, the 
16-bit DOS commands still could handle up to 2.1GB per partition 
before reaching its limit. Hard disk technology has quickly out-grown 
16-bit DOS commands as well.  Use of the 32-bit operating system 
was inevitable in order to keep up with high-flying technologies.

	Various Disk Managers were introduced at the time for a 
larger-than-528MB disk to be used on the old fashion BIOS PC.

	Meanwhile, Enhanced BIOS was introduced with newer 
motherboards for Pentiums and later 486's.  The Enhanced BIOS 
usually comes with 2 IDE ports to take up to 4 IDE drives, 2 drives 
per IDE port.  Most importantly, the Enhanced BIOS can translate a 
hard disk's [c/h/s], where c<=16K, h<=16, s<=63 into translated 
[c/h/s], where c<=1024, h<=256, s<=63.  This translates to a maximum of 8.4GB.
<<<

Appendix D:	  CMOS hard disk parameters
SUBJECT:>>> CMOS hard disk parameters

	The translation capability of the Enhanced BIOS allows 
breaking of 528MB barrier. As described in the previous section, the 
upper and lower interfaces of the BIOS have different limit.  The 
upper layer, mainly DOS and Windows, accesses the hard disk by 
[c/h/s], where c<=1024, h<=256, s<=63.  The lower layer, mainly hard 
disk, allows to address its sectors by [c/h/s], where c<=16K, h<=16, 
s<=63.  The common section is only with c<=1024, h<=16, s<=63.  It 
is 528MB!

	Here shows some examples of how the Enhanced BIOS works 
on translating a hard disk [c/h/s].

Example: Installing a 1.6GB hard disk which manufacturer marks as 
[3072/16/63].

	If you install it in an Old Fashioned BIOS (486 type), you can 
only use the portion of the hard drive up to [1024/16/63], even if 
[3072/16/63] is entered in CMOS.  Some 486 BIOS only allows you 
to enter up to 1024 or 1023.

	The Enhanced BIOS usually comes with AUTO-CONFIG or 
AUTO-DETECT feature.  It then will translate the [3072/16/63] into 
[768/64/63] and reports to DOS. When DOS accesses a sector using 
[768/64/63], the Enhanced BIOS must translate it into its original hard 
disk addressing of [c/h/s], where h<=16.  The translation by Enhanced 
BIOS is actually done by mapping two sets of sequentially numbered sectors.

	If you do not want to use AUTO-CONFIG or AUTO-
DETECT, you must find a way in your CMOS to specify the above 
two sets of [c/h/s] numbers so that the translation can be done 
properly.  Unfortunately, CMOS interfaces have different looks. Most 
of them are poorly documented.  It may take you some time to figure 
out.  Some CMOS may not allow you to set up your own translation. 
You may need to contact the manufacturer for detailed information.

	Note: When entering the IDE hard disk [c/h/s] parameters in 
CMOS, you can disregard the Landing Zone and Compensation 
values.  For other types of hard drives, refer to the hard drive 
manufacturer's manual.
<<<

Appendix E:	  SCSI Hard Disk
SUBJECT:>>> SCSI Hard Disk

	This section gives a brief description on how a PC SCSI driver 
and/or controller firmware (also called Extended BIOS) handles the 
translation of [c/h/s].  SCSI hard disk is a block device.  It addresses 
its data sector (or block) by sequential numbers, i.e., block #0, 1, 2, 3, 
..., while the IDE hard disk by [c/h/s].  It is the SCSI software's 
responsibility to translate the sequential numbering to [c/h/s] and 
present it to an operating system.

	Most SCSI software makes the [c/h/s] translation 
automatically.  Unless the controller comes with a program allowing 
you to set up the translation,  you have to use the Upgrader to find out 
how it is translated.  The SCSI controller sometimes does the 
translation very differently from PC BIOS.  For instance, PC Enhanced 
BIOS usually would translate a hard disk [3096/16/63] (1.5GB) into 
[774/64/63].   Some SCSI controller may translation a 1.5GB SCSI 
disk with 3120768 (3096*16*63) blocks into [387/128/63].  If you 
copy a SCSI hard disk into an IDE disk, you need to force your PC 
BIOS to make the translation from [3096/16/63] to [387/128/63] in 
order for the clone IDE disk to be used.
<<<
	
Appendix F:	  Disk Manager (Disk Drive Overlay Programs)
SUBJECT:>>> Disk Manager (Disk Drive Overlay Programs)

	Disk Manager (Ontrack DDO, Seagate DDO, Microhouse EZ-
Drive, ...) is usually used on an older (1994 or earlier) PC that does 
not support any hard disk larger than 528MB. It is also usually used on 
any PC whose BIOS does not support hard disks larger than 8.4GB. 
Disk Manager is installed on the hard disk and takes over some BIOS 
programs to allow larger hard disk to be utilized at the boot time.

	In order for the Upgrader to see the whole HD capacity, you 
should load the Disk Manager before running the Upgrader.  You 
should boot your PC from a hard disk that has Disk Manager installed 
first.  When Disk Manager is loaded, it will give an option to boot 
from a diskette.  Select this option and boot from the Upgrader 
diskette.  You should contact your Disk Manager manufacturer and 
Hard Disk Manufacturer if you encounter any problem.
<<<

Appendix G:	 DriveSpace or Stacker
SUBJECT:>>> DriveSpace or Stacker

	Compression Software, like DriveSpace or Stacker should 
work with the Upgrader. You do not need to shrink the compressed 
volume first to make room for the host drive before upgrade.

	After running the Upgrader and booting from the target drive 
successfully, you can then use the DriveSpace or Stacker utility to 
expand the compressed volume to take advantage of the larger drive. 
Refer to Stacker, DriveSpace, or your software document for details.
<<<

Appendix H:	F.I.T. Internal Removable HD Kit
SUBJECT:>>> F.I.T. Internal Removable HD Kit

	FIT's Internal Removable HD Kit line of products frees a 
hard drive from being locked into a system. By placing the hard drive 
into our Porter, the drive can now be easily moved or exchanged with 
another hard drive.

	A two-piece unit fits into an accessible 5.25" drive bay.   Allow 
for easy, quick swapping of an internal hard drive.  The Internal 
Removable HD Kit comes in two pieces: first, an Internal Frame that 
installs into an accessible 5.25" drive bay, and connects to either an 
IDE or SCSI controller;  second, the Porter  which is a drawer or 
module that holds a hard drive.

*  Cut service and downtime to seconds.
*  Move hard drives between machines.
*  With Multiple drawers, easily switch between Operating Systems.
*  Converter kit  available for 2.5" hard drive
 

 
<<<
